CH 2 Theories Flashcards
A parent says, “My 2-year-old child refuses toilet training and shouts ‘No!’ when given
directions. What do you think is wrong?” What is the nurse’s best reply?
a. “Your child needs firmer control. It is important to set limits now.”
b. “This is normal for your child’s age. The child is striving for independence.”
c. “There may be developmental problems. Most children are toilet trained by age
2.”
d. “Some undesirable attitudes are developing. A child psychologist can help you
develop a plan.”
b. “This is normal for your child’s age. The child is striving for independence.”
A nurse wants to find information on current evidence-based research, programs, and practices
regarding mental illness and addictions. Which resource should the nurse consult?
a. American Psychiatric Association
b. American Psychological Association (APA)
c. Clinician’s Quick Guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy
d. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
d. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
A 26-month-old displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often says, “No!”
Which psychosocial crisis is evident?
a. Trust versus mistrust
b. Initiative versus guilt
c. Industry versus inferiority
d. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
d. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
A 4-year-old grabs toys from other children and says, “I want that now!” From a psychoanalytic perspective, this behavior is a product of impulses originating in which system of the personality?
a. Id
b. Ego
c. Superego
d. Preconscious
a. Id
The parent of a 4-year-old rewards and praises the child for helping a sibling, being polite, and using good manners. These qualities are likely to be internalized and become part of which system of the personality?
a. Id
b. Ego
c. Superego
d. Preconscious
c. Superego
A nurse supports a parent for praising a child who behaves in helpful ways to others. When this child behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood, which feeling will most likely result?
a. Guilt
b. Anxiety
c. Humility
d. Self-esteem
d. Self-esteem
An adult says, “I never know the answers,” and “My opinion does not count.” Which
psychosocial crisis was unsuccessfully resolved for this adult?
a. Initiative versus guilt
b. Trust versus mistrust
c. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
d. Generativity versus self-absorption
c. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Which statement by a client would lead the nurse to suspect unsuccessful completion of the
psychosocial developmental task of infancy?
a. “I know how to do things right, so I prefer jobs where I work alone rather than on
a team.”
b. “I do not allow other people to truly get to know me.”
c. “I depend on frequent praise from others to feel good about myself.”
d. “I usually need to do things several times before I get them right.”
b. “I do not allow other people to truly get to know me.”
A client is suspicious and is frequently sarcastic toward others. To which psychosexual stage
do these traits relate?
a. Oral
b. Anal
c. Phallic
d. Genital
a. Oral
A client expresses a desire to be cared for by others and often behaves in a helpless fashion. Which stage of psychosexual development is most relevant to the client’s needs?
a. Latency
b. Phallic
c. Anal
d. Oral
d. Oral
A nurse listens to a group of recent retirees. One says, “I volunteer with Meals on Wheels, coach teen sports, and do church visitation.” Another laughs and says, “I’m too busy taking care of myself to volunteer to help others.” Which psychosocial developmental task do these statements contrast?
a. Trust and mistrust
b. Intimacy and isolation
c. Industry and inferiority
d. Generativity and self-absorption
d. Generativity and self-absorption
An adult dies in a tragic accident. Afterward, the siblings plan a funeral service. Which
statement by a sibling best indicates a sense of self-actualization?
a. “Of all of us, I am the most experienced with planning these types of events.”
b. “Funerals are supposed to be conducted quietly, respectfully, and according to a
social protocol.”
c. “This death was unfair, but I hope we can plan a service that everyone feels is a
celebration of life.”
d. “This death was probably the consequence of years of selfish and inconsiderate
behavior by our sibling.”
c. “This death was unfair, but I hope we can plan a service that everyone feels is a
celebration of life.”
A student nurse says, “I don’t need to interact with my clients. I learn what I need to know by observation.” An instructor can best interpret the nursing implications of Sullivan’s theory to this student by providing what response?
a. “Interactions are required in order to help you develop therapeutic communication skills.”
b. “Nurses cannot be isolated. We must interact to provide clients with opportunities to practice interpersonal skills.”
c. “Observing client interactions will help you formulate priority nursing diagnoses and appropriate interventions.”
d. “It is important to pay attention to clients’ behavioral changes, because these signify adjustments in personality.”
b. “Nurses cannot be isolated. We must interact to provide clients with opportunities to practice interpersonal skills.”
A nurse consistently encourages client to do his or her own activities of daily living. If the client is unable to complete an activity, the nurse helps until the client is once again independent. This nurse’s practice is most influenced by which theorist?
a. Betty Neuman
b. Patricia Benner
c. Dorothea Orem
d. Joyce Travelbee
c. Dorothea Orem
A nurse uses Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to plan care for a client diagnosed with mental illness. Which problem will receive priority?
a. Refusal to eat or bathe.
b. Reporting feelings of alienation from family.
c. Reluctance to participate in unit social activities.
d. Being unaware of medication action and side effects.
a. Refusal to eat or bathe.
Operant conditioning is part of the treatment plan to encourage speech in a child who is nearly mute. Which technique applies?
a. Encourage the child to observe others talking.
b. Include the child in small group activities.
c. Give the child a small treat for speaking.
d. Teach the child relaxation techniques.
c. Give the child a small treat for speaking.
The parent of a child diagnosed with schizophrenia tearfully asks the nurse, “What could I have done differently to prevent this illness?” What is the nurse’s best response?
a. “Although schizophrenia results from impaired family relationships, try not to feel guilty. No one can predict how a child will respond to parental guidance.”
b. “Schizophrenia is a biological illness resulting from changes in how the brain and nervous system function. You are not to blame for your child’s illness.”
c. “There is still hope. Changing your parenting style can help your child learn to cope effectively with the environment.”
d. “Most mental illnesses result from genetic inheritance. Your genes are more at fault than your parenting.”
b. “Schizophrenia is a biological illness resulting from changes in how the brain and nervous system function. You are not to blame for your child’s illness.”
A nurse influenced by Peplau’s interpersonal theory works with an anxious, withdrawn client. What principle will the interventions be focused on?
a. Rewarding desired behaviors.
b. Using assertive communication.
c. Changing the client’s self-concept.
d. Administering medications to relieve anxiety.
b. Using assertive communication.
A client participated in psychotherapy weekly for 5 months. The therapist used free association, dream analysis, and facilitated transference to help the client understand conflicts and foster change. What is the term that applies to this method?
a. Rational-emotive behavior therapy
b. Psychodynamic psychotherapy
c. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
d. Operant conditioning
b. Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Consider this comment from a therapist: “The client is homosexual but has kept this preference secret. Severe anxiety and depression occur when the client anticipates family reactions to this sexual orientation.” Which perspective is evident in the speaker?
a. Theory of interpersonal relationships
b. Classical conditioning theory
c. Psychosexual theory
d. Behaviorism theory
a. Theory of interpersonal relationships
A psychotherapist works with an anxious, dependent client. Which strategy is most consistent with psychoanalytic psychotherapy?
a. Identifying the client’s strengths and assets
b. Praising the client for describing feelings of isolation
c. Focusing on feelings developed by the client toward the therapist
d. Providing psychoeducation and emphasizing medication adherence
c. Focusing on feelings developed by the client toward the therapist
A person says, “I was the only survivor in a small plane crash. Three business associates died. I got depressed and saw a counselor twice a week for 4 weeks. We talked about my feelings related to being a survivor, and I’m better now.” Which type of therapy was used?
a. Systematic desensitization
b. Psychoanalysis
c. Behavior modification
d. Interpersonal psychotherapy
d. Interpersonal psychotherapy
Which technique is most applicable to aversion therapy?
a. Punishment
b. Desensitization
c. Role modeling
d. Positive reinforcement
a. Punishment
A client says to the nurse, “My father has been dead for over 10 years but talking to you is almost as comforting as the talks he and I had when I was a child.” Which term applies to the client’s comment?
a. Superego
b. Transference
c. Reality testing
d. Countertransference
b. Transference
