ch 2- the presumption of innocence Flashcards

1
Q

laws

A

legal rules made by a legal authority that are enforceable by the police and other agencies

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2
Q

parliament

A

a formal assembly of representatives of the people that are elected and make laws

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3
Q

sanction

A

a penalty imposed by a court on a person guilty of a criminal offence

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4
Q

acts of parliament

A

laws made by parliament, a bill that has passed through parliament and has received royal assent

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5
Q

non legal rules

A

rules made by private groups or individuals in society that aren’t enforceable by the court

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6
Q

australian constitution

A

a set of rules and principles that guide the way Australia is governed and is set out in the Commonwealth of Australian Constitution act

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7
Q

federation

A

union of sovereign states that gave up some of their powers to a central authority to form Australia.

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8
Q

governor general

A

the kings representative at the commonwealth level

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9
Q

governor

A

the king’s representative at the state level

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10
Q

bicameral parliament

A

a parliament with two houses/chambers. in the commonwealth parliament, the two houses are the senate (upper house) and the house of representatives (lower house.) In the victorian parliament, the two houses are the legislative council (upper house) and the legislative assembly (lower house)

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11
Q

political party

A

an organisation that represents a group of people with shared values and ideas and which aims to have its members elected to parliament.

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12
Q

independent

A

individuals who stand as candidates in election or are elected to parliament but don’t belong to a political party.

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13
Q

how many parliaments are there in australia

A

9- 1 federal, 6 state, 2 territory parliaments

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14
Q

court hierarchy

A

ranking of courts from lowest to highest according to the seriousness and complexity of the matters they deal with

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15
Q

victorian courts

A

supreme court of victoria, county court of victoria, magistrates court of victoria, coroners court of victoria and children’s court of vitoria

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16
Q

federal courts

A

federal court of australia and federal circuit and family court of australia

17
Q

rule of law

A

the principle that everyone in society is bound by law and must obey the law and that laws should be fair and clear, so people are willing and able to obey them

18
Q

government

A

the ruling authority with power to govern formed by the political party/coalition that holds the majority in the lower house in each parliament. the members of parliament who belong to this political party form this government

19
Q

presumption of innocence

A

the right of a person accused of a crime to be presumed not guilty unless proven otherwise