Ch 2 Test: Part A - Cell’s Organelles and Their Functions Flashcards
What is the function of the cell membrane?
A protective barrier around the cell and gives it structural support.
It is designed to allow different substances to move through it by diffusion.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
A jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles; the makeup of the cytoplasm allows the nutrients and organelles to move within the cell. The organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm, keeping them in place and allowing them to interact.
What is the function of the nucleus?
The nucleus is the organelle’s control center. It controls all cell activities, including growth and reproduction. The nucleus is essentially a protection around almost all of the cell’s DNA & chromosomes (chromatin). It is the largest organelle.
What is the function of vacuoles and vesicles?
Organelles that store nutrients, waste and other substances the cell uses.
In plant cells, the singular large central vacuole stores water for the cell. Plant cells have one large vacuole, while animal cells have many small vacuoles.
Vesicles transport substances throughout the cell.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
The organelles known as mitochondria supply the energy the cell needs; it’s the site of cellular respiration. Mitochondria are the cell’s powerhouses; reactions occur in this organelle that convert the chemical energy in sugar (glucose) into energy the cell can use.
What are the function of the lysosomes?
Lysosomes are organelles where digestion takes place. Lysosomes also break down invading bacteria and damaged cell organelles; essentially, they work as the cell’s clean-up system.
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum (or anything required) for delivery throughout or outside the cell.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes?
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle made of a series of interconnected small tubes that carry materials through the cell (transport network of the cell).
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is associated with making proteins.
Ribosomes are tiny, dense-like organelles that may be attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm; they are sites where proteins are assembled.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is associated with producing fats and oils; they do not have ribosomes.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
All cells have an internal network of fibres called the cytoskeleton. This network consists of protein filaments that help maintain the cell’s shape.
What is the function of the cell wall?
The cell wall is a rigid frame around the cell that provides strength, protection and support.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
It is the site of photosynthesis, where chlorophyll uses solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen. This energy is used during photosynthesis to produce carbohydrates, which are used for the plant’s growth.
