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Ch 2 Test Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ is the portion of the xray tube that contains the filament

A

Cathode

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2
Q

The cathode filament is made of:

A

Tungsten

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3
Q

The focusing cup:

A

Has a negative charge

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4
Q

In a dual-focus tube, how many filaments are energized at one time during xray production?

A

One

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5
Q

The focusing cup is made of:

A

Nickel

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6
Q

_______ is the phenomenon that occurs around the filament during thermionic emission and prevents the further escape of electrons from the filament

A

Space charge effect

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7
Q

The positive side of the xray tube is the:

A

Anode

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8
Q

The maximum speed the rotating anode will typically achieve is _____ rpm

A

10,000

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9
Q

What is the base material of the anode disk?

A

Molybdenum and Graphite

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10
Q

Name of the fixed physical area on the anode target that is struck by the electron stream?

A

Focal spot

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11
Q

What is the name of the device in a rotating anode xray tube that turns the rotor?

A

Stator

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12
Q

Effective compensation for the anode heel effect would involve positioning:

A

The thinnest portion of the part under the anode and the thicker portion of the part under the cathode

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13
Q

What is an acceptable level of leakage from the tube housing?

A

1 mGy per hour, measured at a distance of 1 meter

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14
Q

The production of an xray photon by the electrostatic attraction between the incident electron and the nucleus of the tungsten atom

A

Bremsstrahlung interaction

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15
Q

If a projectile electron enters an atom with 100 keV of energy, passes very close to the nucleus, and exits with 30 keV of energy. The xray photon produced is:

A

70 keV

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16
Q

Production of an xray photon by a collision between the incident electron and a K-shell electron of the tungsten atom?

A

Characteristic Interaction

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17
Q

A projectile electron removes a K-shell electron and an M-shell electron fills the vacancy. the energy of the K-shell characteristic xray photon produced is:

A

66.7 keV

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18
Q

______ is the boiling off of electrons from the filament when current is applied

A

Thermionic Emission

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19
Q

The actual flow of electrons from cathode to anode is known as:

A

Tube current

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20
Q

mA is a measure of _____ that flows from cathode to anode

A

Tube Current

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21
Q

Increasing the kVp will….

A

Increase the penetrants of the beam and increase the speed of the electrons

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22
Q

The amount the voltage varies during an xray exposure is known as:

A

Voltage ripple

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23
Q

What focal spot size is measured directly under the anode target?

A

Effective focal spot

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24
Q

Filtration of the xray beam results in:

A

Increased beam quality

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25
Q

What is not classified as inherent filtration?

A

The oil in the transformer

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26
Q

The amount of filtration required to reduce the exposure of the beam to half of its original intensity is

A

HVL (Half Value Life)

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27
Q

Which of the following types of filtration produce a more inform exposure to the image receptor?

A

Compensating

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28
Q

To produce x-rays, electrons must be:

A

-Suddenly decelerated
-Liberated from the cathode filament
-Suddenly accelerated

29
Q

The device that nearly surrounds the filament is

A

Focusing cup

30
Q

A dual focus tube has 2

A

Cathode filaments

31
Q

The rotating target track is primarily made of

32
Q

The target angle of rotating targets typically ranges from:

A

5° to 20°

33
Q

What is the relationship between the tungsten metals atomic number and melting point

34
Q

The part of the xray tube that is connected to the target and causes it to turn

35
Q

The advantage to having a focal track is that:

A

Higher exposure factors can be used to

36
Q

_______ envelopes are more commonly used in todays xray tubes

37
Q

As compared to glass, which is an advantage to having a metal envelope xray tube?

A

Decrease in off-focus radiation

38
Q

Inside the xray tube envelop you will find:

39
Q

The speed the electrons inside the xray tube travel is:

A

Approximately half the speed of light

40
Q

Diagnostic xray exposures range from:

A

30 to 150 keV

41
Q

With a standard xray tube, ____% of the xray beam produced with 65 kVp is the result of bremsstrahlung interactions

42
Q

With a standard xray tube ____% of the xray beam produced with 90 kVp is the result of bremsstrahlung interactions?

43
Q

With a standard xray tube ____% of the xray beam produced with 65 kVp is the result of characteristic interactions?

44
Q

With a standard xray tube ____% of the xray beam produced with 90 kVp is the result of characteristic interactions?

45
Q

Xray photon energy is measured in:

46
Q

The wide range of energies in the xray beam is known as the

A

Xray emission spectrum

47
Q

The highest energy xray photons produced with a 100 kVp exposure will be:

48
Q

When making an exposure, what does NOT occur when just the rotor, or prep button is activated?

A

Voltage is applied across the tube

(what DOES occur: Anode begins to rotate, current is applied to the filament, and a space charge is created)

49
Q

Filament current is approximately

50
Q

During x ray production, the energy of the moving electrons is converted into:

A

Electromagnetic energy

51
Q

The quality of the xray beam indicates:

A

The ability of the photons to penetrate

52
Q

Due to the anode heel effect, differences in intensities between ends of the xray field can be up to:

53
Q

Doubling the mA results in:

A

-Doubling the tube current
-Doubling the quantity of xray photons
-Doubling the thermionic emission

54
Q

Decreasing the exposure time results in:

A

Fewer xray photons

55
Q

How much is the mAs when 400 mA and 100 ms are used

56
Q

When electrons strike the anode target; their kinetic energy is converted into ____% heat

57
Q

The larger the anode angle, the

A

larger the effective focal spot

58
Q

Added tube filtration is typically made up of

59
Q

Xray tubes operating above 70 kVp must have a total filtration of at least ____ of aluminum, or its equivalent

60
Q

As kVp increases:

A

-Beam penetrability increases
-Beam wavelength decreases
-Beam frequency increases

61
Q

The amount of heat produced from any given exposure is called a:

A

Heat Unit (HU)

62
Q

How many HU are produced when using a 3 phase xray unit: 400 mA, 200 ms, and 70 kVp?

A

7560 HU

200 milliseconds=0.2 seconds
400 x 0.2 x 70 x 1.35

63
Q

Setting identical exposure factors, which type of xray unit will produce the greatest heat?

A

High frequency

64
Q

In order to produce 12 mAs, how long should the exposure time be when using 600 mA?

A

0.02 seconds

65
Q

What practice will extend the life of the xray tube?

A

Use low mA and longer exposure time and warm up the tube as appropriate

66
Q

T or F? When an electron from the L-shell of the tungsten atom is ejected from its orbit by a projectile electron, high energy x ray photons are produced

67
Q

T or F? The xray beam produced with 120 kVp will consist primarily of x-rays produced by bremsstrahlung interactions

68
Q

T or F? Electrons can flow from cathode to anode or from anode to cathode during xray exposure?

69
Q

T or F? Electrons can flow from cathode to anode or from anode to cathode during xray exposure?

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