Ch 2 - Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole

Question 1

process of building complex molecules from small building blocks (lipids, nucleic acids)

Answer 1

anabolism

Question 2

process of breaking down complex molecules/nutrients

Answer 2

catabolism

Question 3

structure that allows materials to pass into and out of the cell

Answer 3

cell membrane

Question 4

rod-shaped nuclear structure containing genetic material

Answer 4

chromosomes

Question 5

material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus; the liquid contents of cells

Answer 5

cytoplasm

Question 6

Deoxyribonucleic acid; genes are composed of this

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

part of the cell where formation of protein occurs

Answer 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

particular region of DNA controlling characteristics

Answer 8

genes

Question 9

photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, in the nucleus

Answer 9

karyotype

Question 10

combination of anabolism/catabolism, sum of chemical processes in cell

Answer 10

metabolism

Question 11

provides energy (ATP/adenosine triphosphate)

Answer 11

mitochondria

Question 12

control center, directs activity

Answer 12

nucleus

Question 13

collection of fat cells

Answer 13

adipose tissue

Question 14

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints

Answer 14

cartilage

Question 15

skin cells that cover outside of body and line internal surfaces of organs

Answer 15

epithelial tissue

Question 16

someone who specializes in studying tissue

Answer 16

histologist

Question 17

voicebox, upper part of trachea

Answer 17

larynx

Question 18

throat

Answer 18

pharynx

Question 19

endocrine gland at base of brain

Answer 19

pituitary gland

Question 20

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Answer 20

thyroid gland

Question 21

windpipe, leading from throat to bronchial tubes

Answer 21

trachea

Question 22

tube leading from kidney to urinary bladder

Answer 22

ureter

Question 23

tube from bladder to outside

Answer 23

urethra

Answer 24

viscera

Question 25

space below the chest containing organs such as liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines (abdomen)

Answer 25

abdominal cavity

Question 26

body cavity where the pituitary gland is located, surrounded by skull

Answer 26

cranial cavity

Question 27

muscular wall separating the abdominal and thoracic activities; lies inferior (caudal) to the organs in the thoracic cavity

Answer 27

diaphragm

Question 28

pertaining to the back of the organ or body

Answer 28

dorsal/posterior

Question 29

space in the chest between the lungs which contains the heart

Answer 29

mediastinum

Question 30

space formed by the hip bones; contains organs of reproductive and excretory system

Answer 30

pelvic cavity

Question 31

multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within abdominal cavity

Answer 31

peritoneum

Question 32

membranes around the lungs, minimizes friction/inflammation, lubrication

Answer 32

pleura

Question 33

space between the membranes around the lungs

Answer 33

pleura cavity

Question 34

opening in the vertebrae through which the spinal cord runs, spinal canal

Answer 34

spinal cavity

Question 35

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus

Answer 35

thoracic cavity

Question 36

pertaining to the front, or belly side of the body

Answer 36

ventral/anterior

Question 37

piece of cartilage between backbones

Answer 37

disk

Question 38

region in the abdomen located right under rib cartilages

Answer 38

hypochondriac region

Question 39

region above stomach

Answer 39

epigastric region

Question 40

left/right regions near the inward curve of the spine at the lower back

Answer 40

lumbar region

Question 41

central region near navel (center, stomach)

Answer 41

umbilical region

Question 42

left/right region near groin

Answer 42

inguinal region

Question 43

region below stomach

Answer 43

hypogastric region

Question 44

area encompassing the right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, parts of the pancreas and portions of the small and large intestines

Answer 44

RUQ

Question 45

area encompassing the left lobe of the liver, stomach, spleen and parts of the pancreas and large intestines

Answer 45

LUQ

Question 46

area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, left ureter, ovary, uterine tube, and spermatic duct

Answer 46

LLQ

Question 47

area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the appendix, right ureter, right ovary, uterine tube, and spermatic duct

Answer 47

RLQ

Question 48

away from surface

Answer 48

deep

Question 49

being farther away from the heart than another structure

Answer 49

distal

Question 50

being closer to midline of the body compare to another structure

Answer 50

medial

Question 51

pertaining to the side/away from midline of body

Answer 51

lateral

Question 52

lying on one's stomach

Answer 52

prone

Question 53

lying on back

Answer 53

supine

Question 54

pertaining to near the beginning of a structure or closer to the heart than another structure

Answer 54

proximal

Answer 55

superficial