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INTRO TO VET > Ch. 2 term > Flashcards

Ch. 2 term Flashcards

1
Q

ventral
(ventr/o)
(venture)

A

refers to the belly or underside of a body or body part
means belly
means to undertake

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2
Q

dorsal
(dors/o)
(Endorse)

A

refers to the back
means back
means sign on the back

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3
Q

cranial

crani/o

A

means toward the head

means skull

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4
Q

caudal

cauda

A

means toward the tail

means tail

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5
Q

anterior

anteri/o

A

means front of the body

means before

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6
Q

posterior

posteri/o

A

means rear of the body

means behind

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7
Q

Rostral

rostrum

A

means nose end of the head

means beak

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8
Q

cephalic

kephale

A

means pertaining to the head

means head

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9
Q

caudal

cauda

A

means toward the tail

means tail

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10
Q

medial

medi/o

A

means toward the midline

means middle

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11
Q

lateral

later/o

A

means away from the midline

means side

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12
Q

superior

super

A

means uppermost, above or toward the head

means above

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13
Q

inferior

inferi

A

means lowermost, below or toward the tail

means lower

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14
Q

proximal

proxim/o

A

means nearest the midline or nearest to the beginning of a structure
means next

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15
Q

distal

dist/o

A

means farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure
means distant

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16
Q

superficial

super

A

means near the surface; also called external

means above

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17
Q

deep

in latin

A

means away from the surface; also called internal

means beneath the surface

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18
Q

palmar

in latin

A

means the caudal surface of the front paw

means hollow of the hand

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19
Q

plantar

in latin

A

means the caudal surface of the rear paw

means the sole of the foot

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20
Q

midsagittal plane (median)

A

plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves

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21
Q

sagittal plane

A

plane that divides that body into unequal right and left parts

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22
Q

dorsal plane (frontal or coronal place)

A

plane that divides the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (belly)

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23
Q

transverse plane (horizontal place or cross-sectional plane)

A

plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts

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24
Q

-ology

A

the study of

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25
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the body structure

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26
Q

physiology

physi/o

A

the study of body functions

means nature

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27
Q

pathology

path/o

A

the study of the nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions
means disease

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28
Q

pathophysiology

A

the study of changes in function caused by disease

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29
Q

etiology

eti/o

A

the study of disease causes

means to cause

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30
Q

-logist

A

means specialist

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31
Q

cardiologist

cardi/o

A

vet who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the heart
combining form for heart

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32
Q

dermatologist

dermat/o

A

vet who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin
combining form for skin

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33
Q

arcade

A

to describe how teeth are arranged in the mouth

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34
Q

lingual surface

A

is the aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue

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35
Q

palatal surface

A

is the tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue and the lingual surface is the tooth surface of the mandible that faces the tongue

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36
Q 
buccal surface (vestibular surface)
vestibule
A

is the aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek

means space or cavity at an entrance

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37
Q

occlusal surface

A

are the aspects of the teeth that meet when the animal chews

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38
Q

labial surface

labia

A

is the tooth surface facing the lip

medical term for lips

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39
Q

contact surface

divided into mesial/ distal

A

are the aspects of the tooth that touch other teeth

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40
Q

a body cavity

A

is a hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs

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41
Q

the cranial cavity

A

is the hollow space that contains the brain in the skull

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42
Q

the spinal cavity

A

is the hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column

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43
Q

the thoracic cavity or chest cavity

A

is the hollow space that contains that heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm

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44
Q

the abdominal cavity

the peritoneal

A

is the hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity

is the hollow space within the abdominal cavity between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum

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45
Q

the pelvic cavity

A

is the hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory systems’ (urninary bladder and rectum) organs bounded by the pelvic bones

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46
Q

abdomen

A

portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis containing the abdominal cavity

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47
Q

thorax

A

the chest region located between the neck and the diaphragm

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48
Q

groin

inguinal area

A

the caudal region of the abdomen adjacent to the thigh

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49
Q

membranes

A

are thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or an organ

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50
Q

peritoneum

A

the membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and it cover the organs in the area

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51
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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52
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs

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53
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

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54
Q

umbilicus

navel

A

is the pit in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus

55
Q

mesentery

A

the layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity

56
Q

retroperitoneal

A

means superficial to the peritoneum

57
Q

recumbent

A

lying down

58
Q

dorsal recumbency

A

lying on the back

59
Q

ventral recumbency

sternal recumbency

A

lying on the belly

60
Q

left lateral recumbency

A

lying on the left side

61
Q

right lateral recumbency

A

lying on the right side

62
Q

prone

A

lying in ventral or sternal recumbency

63
Q

supine

A

lying in dorsal recumbency

64
Q 
lay
laid
laying
lie
lain
lying
A 
to put, place or prepare
past tense of lay
present tense of lay
to recline or be situated 
past tense of lie
present tense of lie
65
Q

adduction

A

means movement toward the midline

66
Q

abduction

A

means movement away from the midline

67
Q

flexion

A

means closure of a joint angle or reduction of the angle between two bones

68
Q

extension

A

means straightening of a joint angle or increase in the angle between two bones

69
Q

hyperflexion

A

is the palmar or plantar movement of the joint angles

70
Q

hyperextension

A

is the dorsal movement of the joints beyond the reference angle

71
Q

supination

A

is the act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned upward

72
Q

pronation

A

is the act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned downward

73
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around an axis

74
Q

cytology

cyt/o

A

the study of cells

combining form for cell

75
Q

protoplasm
(prot/o)
-plasm

A

the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
first
means formative material of the cells

76
Q

cell membrane (plasma membrane)

A

the structure lining the cell that protects cells content and regulates what goes in and out of the cell

77
Q

cytoplasm

A

the gelatinous material located in the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

78
Q

nucleus

A

the structure in a cell that contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane

79
Q

nucleoplasm

A

is the material in the nucleus

80
Q

chromosomes

A

the structures in the nucleus composed of DNA that transmits genetic information

81
Q

genetic disorder

A

inherited disease or condition caused by defective genes

82
Q

congenital

A

implies only that something faulty is present at birth

83
Q

anomaly

A

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

84
Q

tissue

A

a group of specialized cells that is similar in structure and function

85
Q

histology

hist/o

A

the study of structure, composition, and function of tissue

combing form of tissues

86
Q

epithelial tissue or epithelium

A

cover internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightly packed cells in a variety of arrangements

87
Q

epi-

-um

A

means above

means structure

88
Q

endoepithelium

endo-

A

the cellular covering that forms the lining of the internal organs such as blood vessels
means within

89
Q

mesoepithlium

meso-

A

the cellular covering that forms the lining of serous membranes such as peritoneum
means middle

90
Q

connective tissue

A

adds support and structure to the body holding the organs in place and binding body parts together

91
Q

adipose

adip/o

A

form of connective tissue; fat

combining form for fat

92
Q

muscle tissue

A

contains cell material with the specialized ability to contract and relax

93
Q

types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

94
Q

nervous tissue

A

contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses

95
Q
  • plasia

- trophy

A

used to describe formation, development, and growth in the number of cells in an organ or tissue

means formation, development and growth in the size of a organ or tissue or individual cells

96
Q

anaplasia

A

is a change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other

97
Q

aplasia

A

is lack of development of an organ or tissue or a cell

98
Q

dyplasia

A

is abnormal growth or development of an organ or tissue or a cell

99
Q

hyperplasia

A

is an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or a tissue

100
Q

hypoplasia

A

is incomplete or less than normal development of an organ or a tissue or a cell

101
Q

neoplasia

tumor
benign
malignant

A

is any abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal and progressive

mass of tissue
meaning not recurring
meaning tending to spread (life threatening)

102
Q

-oma

A

means tumor or neoplasm

103
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ or tissue or cell

104
Q

dystrophy

A

defective growth in the size of an organ or tissue or cell

105
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in the size of an organ or tissue or cell

106
Q 
a- & ana-
hyper-
hypo-
dys- 
neo-
A 
means without
means more than normal
means less than normal
means bad
means new
107
Q

glands

A

groups of specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body

108
Q

exocrine glands

A

group of cells that secrete their chemical substances into duct that lead out of the body or to another organ

109
Q

endocrine glands

A

group of cells that secrete their chemical substances directly into the bloodstream which transports them throughout the body

110
Q

organ

A

part of the body that performs special functions

111
Q

bicornuate uterus

A

a uterus with two horns

112
Q

unilateral

A

pertaining to one side

113
Q

bilateral

A

pertaining to two sides

114
Q

skeletal system

oste/o, oss/e, oss/i
anthr/o
chondr/o

A

support and shape, protects internal organs

bones
joints
cartilage

115
Q

muscular system

my/o
fasc/i, fasci/o
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

locomotion, movement of body fluids, body heat generation

muscles
fascia
tendons

116
Q

cardiovascular system

cardi/o
arteri/o
ven/o, phleb/o
hem/o, hemat/o

A

pumping mechanism delivers oxygen, nutrients, electrolytes, and hormones to tissue

heart
arteries
veins
blood

117
Q

lymphatic & immune systems

lymph/o
tonsill/o
splen/o
thym/o

A

provide nutrients to and remove waste from tissue, protect the body from harmful substances and invading pathogens

lymph vessels, fluid, and nodes
tonsils
spleen
thymus

118
Q

respiratory system

nas/o
pharyng/o
trache/o
laryng/o
pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o
A

bring oxygen into the body for transportation to the cells, removes carbon dioxide and some water waste from the body

nose or nares
pharynx
trachea
larynx
lungs
119
Q

digestive system

or/o, stomat/o 
esophag/o 
gastr/o
enter/o
col/o, colon/o
hepat/o
pancreat/o
A

digests ingested food, absorption of digested food, elimination of solid waste

mouth
esophagus 
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
liver
pancreas
120
Q

urinary system

ren/o, nephr/o
ureter/o
cyst/o
urethr/o

A

filters blood to removes waste, maintains electrolyte balance, regulates fluid balance

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

121
Q

nervous system & special senses

neur/o, neur/i
encephal/o 
myel/o
opthalm/o, ocul/o, opt/o, opt/i
optic/o
ot/o, audit/o, aud/i
aur/i, aur/o
acoust/o, acous/o
A

coordinating mechanism, reception of stimuli, transmission of messages

nerves
brain
spinal cord
eyes
sight
ears
external ear
sound
122
Q

integumentary system

dermat/o, derm/o, cutane/o

A

protection of body, regulate body temp and water content

skin

123
Q

endocrine system

adren/o
gonad/o
pineal/o
pituit/o
thyroid/o, thyr/o
A

integrates body functions, homeostasis, and growth with chemicals called hormones

adrenals 
gonads
pineal
pituitary
thyroid
124
Q

reproductive system

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, testicul/o
ovari/o, oophor/o
hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i,metri/o, uter/o

A

production of new life

testes
ovaries
uterus

125
Q

latin: uni-
greek: mono-

(unicorn, unilateral monochromatic, monocyte)

A

1

126
Q

latin: duo- or bi-
greek: dyo-

(duet, bilateral, dyad)

A

2

127
Q

latin & greek; tri

trio, triceratops, triathlon

A

3

128
Q

4latin: quadri- or quadro-
greek: tetr- or tetra-

(quadruplet, tetralogy, tetroxide)

A

4

129
Q

5latin: quinqu- or quint-
greek: pent- or penta-

(quintet, pentagon)

A

5

130
Q

6latin: sex-
greek: hex- or hexa-

(sexennial, hexose,hexagon)

A

6

131
Q

7latin: sept- or septi-
greek: hept- or hepta-

(septuple, heptarchy)

A

7

132
Q

8latin: octo-
greek: oct- , octo-, or octo-

(octave, octopus)

A

8

133
Q

9latin: novem- or nonus-
greek: ennea-

(nonuple, ennead)

A

9

134
Q

10latin: deca- or decem-
greek: dek- or deka-

(decade, dekanem)

A

10

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