Ch. 2 - Population and Migration Flashcards
Coyote
A nickname given to a person who is hired to assist illegal immigrants into the United States, often at a cost that does not depend upon success of entry
Arithmetic Density
Determined by dividing the population of a country by the total land area
Crude birth rate
The number of births in a society per 1000 people
Crude death rate
The number of deaths in a society per 1000 people
Cyclic movement
The seasonal migration of livestock to areas where more food is available
Demographic equation
Determines the population growth rate for the world by subtracting global deaths from global births
Demography
The scientific study of population characteristics that analyze population trends and predicts future occurrences based on current statistics
Dependency ratio
Determined by comparing the sum of persons age 0-14 and over 65 to those age 15-64; children and the elderly depend on the population’s workforce for support
Distance decay
The lessening of a phenomenon as the distance from the hearth increases
Dowry death
A term used to describe a situation in certain countries where the bride is killed because of her inability to pay the promised dowry
Emigrants
People who leave a country or region
Gravity model
The greater the sphere of influence a city has, the greater the impact (“gravity”) on the other cities around it. This model is usually tested by measuring travel, phone calls, and overall trade between two or more cites
Immigrant
A person who emigrates to another country
Industrial Revolution
Era, beginning in the 1700s, where mans European countries developed new technologies, spurring a more mechanized farming systems eventually moving them to stage 3 industrial economy
Infant mortality rate
The number of babies that die each year before their first birthday
Intercontinental migration
The movement of people across an ocean or continent
Intervening obstacle
A physical or mental factor that forces individuals too halt and often abort their migration plans
Intervening opportunity
Favorable economic opportunity or environmental amenity that causes migrants to stop and stay at a location along their journey
J-curve
Developed by Ian Bremme, this curve maps a country based on its “openness” and “stability.” The movements of countries on both of these scales are largely dependent on their economic progress
Thomas Malthus
A British economist who, in the late 1700s, concludes that the rate of population was growing faster than agricultural productivity
Net migration
The number of immigrants minus the number of emmigrants
Overpopulation
The lack of necessary resources to meet the needs of a population in a defined area determined by carrying capacity
Physiological density
Similar to arithmetic density but considered more accurate, this is determined by dividing the population of a country only by the land that is usable by humans
Place utility
Incentives such as tax breaks and increased recreational opportunities that communities offer to entice people to move there
Quotas
Limits put on immigration by certain countries
Refugees
People who are forces to leave their country and seek refuge elsewhere, often because of religious or political persecution that may include death
Sustainability
The saving of resources for future generations to allow them to live at the same standard of living or higher than the population is living today
Total fertility rate
The number of babies that an average woman delivers during her childbearing years
Transhumance
The movement of livestock to high elevations during the summer to escape the heat in the valleys and to lower elevations during the winter to escape the severe cold of the mountains
Zero population growth
Describes a population in which the crude birth rate equals the crude death rate
