Ch. 2 Political Culture - Ideas in Conflict

Question 1

government forgiveness of a crime, usually granted to a group of people

Answer 1

amnesty

Question 2

persons residing in a nation who are not citizens

Answer 2

aliens

Question 3

shared ideas about what is true

Answer 3

beliefs

Question 4

system of gov’t in which a single totalitarian party controlls all the means of production and distribution of goods and services

Answer 4

communism

Question 5

belief in the value of free markets, limited government, and individual self-reliance in economic affairs combined with a belief in the value of tradition, law and morality in social affairs

Answer 5

conservatism

Question 6

awareness of one’s class position and a feeling of political solidarity with others within the same class in opposition to other classes

Answer 6

class consciousness

Question 7

conflict between upper and lower social classes over wealth and power

Answer 7

class conflict

Question 8

political philosophy asserting the worth and dignity of the individual and emphasizing the rational ability of human beings to determine their own destinies

Answer 8

classical liberalism

Question 9

economic system asserting the individual’s right to own private property and to buy, sell, rent and trade that property in a free market

Answer 9

capitalism

Question 10

the collapse of communism and the worldwide movement toward free market’s and political democracy

Answer 10

end of history

Question 11

equal sharing of income and material goods

Answer 11

equality of results

Question 12

elimination of artificial barriers to success in life and the opportunity for everyone to strive for success

Answer 12

equality of opportunity

Question 13

political ideology in which the state and/or race is assumed to be supreme over individuals

Answer 13

fascism

Question 14

regulating the entry of non-citizens into the country

Answer 14

immigration policy

Question 15

consistent and integrated system of ideas , values and beliefs

Answer 15

ideology

Question 16

the unlawful entry of a person into a nation

Answer 16

illegal immigration

Question 17

belief that all laws should apply equally to all persons

Answer 17

legal equality

Question 18

belief in the value of strong government to provide economic security and protection for civil rights, combined with a belief in personal freedom from government intervention in social conduct

Answer 18

liberalism

Question 19

opposing government intervention in both economic and social affairs, and favoring a minimal government in all sectors of society

Answer 19

libertarian

Question 20

a reference to the liberal, progressive, and/or socialist side of the political spectrum

Answer 20

left

Question 21

the theories of Vladimir Lenin, among them being that advanced capitalist countries turned toward war and colonialism to make their own workers relatively prosperous.

Answer 21

Leninism

Question 22

The theories of Karl Marx, among them that capitalist oppress workers and that worldwide revolution and the emergence of a classless society are inevitable.

Answer 22

Marxism

Question 23

rules governing human behavior that are morally superior to laws made by governments

Answer 23

natural law

Question 24

widely shared views about who should govern, for what ends and by what means

Answer 24

political culture

Question 25

belief that every person’s vote counts equally

Answer 25

political equality

Question 26

evidence of U.S. citizenship, allowing people to travel abroad and reenter the United States

Answer 26

passport

Question 27

repression of attitudes, speech and writings that are deemed racist, sexist, homophobic or otherwise “insensitive”

Answer 27

politically correct (PC)

Question 28

a reference to the conservative, traditional, anti-communist side of the political spectrum

Answer 28

right

Question 29

extent to which people move upward or downward in income and status over a lifetime or over generations

Answer 29

social mobility

Question 30

in politics, a reference to opposition to religious practices and symbols in public life

Answer 30

secular

Question 31

system of government involving collective or government ownership of economic enterprise, with the goal being equality of results, not merely equality of opportunity.

Answer 31

socialism

Question 32

variations on the prevailing values and beliefs in society

Answer 32

subcultures

Question 33

a document or stamp on a passport allowing a person to visit a foreign country

Answer 33

Visa

Question 34

shared ideas about what is good and desirable

Answer 34

values