Ch 2 - PM and IT Context Flashcards
What are the three parts of the systems approach?
Systems Philosophy
Systems analysis
Systems management
What is systems philosophy
An overall model for thinking about things as systems
What is systems analysis
A problem solving approach
What is systems management
Addresses business, technological, and organizational issues before making changes to systems
What are the four frame of organizations
Structural
Human Resources
Political
Symbolic
What is the structual frame:
Roles and responsibilities, coordination, and control
What is the HR frame
providing harmony between needs of the organization and needs of people
What is the political frame
coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. COnflict and power are key issues
What is the symbolic frame
symbols and meanings related to events. Culture, language, traditions, and image are parts of this frame
What are the three basic organizational structures
Functional
Project
Matrix
What is the functional organizational structure
functional managers report to the CEO
What is the project organizational structure
Program managers report to the CEO
What is the matrix organizational structure
middle ground between functional and project
–Personnel often report to two or more bosses; structure can be weak, balanced or a strong matrix
A project life cycle is a collection of project phases that defines:
What work will be performed in each phases
what deliverables will be produced an when
who is involved in each phase
how management will control and approve work produced in each phase
what is a deliverable
a product or sercide produced or provided as part of a project
Describe the early phases of a project life cycle
resource need typicallu lowest
risk/uncertainty is highest
stakeholders have the greatest opportunity to influence the project
Middle phases of a project life cycle
certainty of completing a project improves
more resources are needed
the final phase of a project life cycle
ensuring project requirements were met
sponsor approves completion of the project
what is the Systems development life cycle
a framework for describing the phases of developing information systems
What are the different cycles a systems development project can follow
predictive iterative incrementa; adaptive hybrid
What are the predictive life cycle models
waterfall
spiral
prototyping
rapid application development
what is the waterfall method
has well defined linear stages of systems development and support
spiral model
shows that software is developed using an iterative or spiral approach rather than a linerat approach
prototyping model
used for developing prototypes to clarift user requirements
rapid application development model
used to produce systems quickly without sacrificing quality
what is outsourcing
outsourcing is when an organization acquires goods and or sources from an outside source.
Offshoring is sometimes used to describe outsourcing from another country
