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Derm > Ch 2 Physical Exam > Flashcards

Ch 2 Physical Exam Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Exaggerated IgE-mediated response triggering a histamine response

A

Atopy

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2
Q

Any exaggerated immune response to a foreign antigen regardless of mechanism

A

Allergy

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3
Q

Atopy has a ______ component

A

Hereditary

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4
Q

Only essential tools for a physical exam

A

Hands

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5
Q

Best lighting for examination

A

Daylight/natural light

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6
Q

Annular

A

Ring Shaped

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7
Q

Nummular

A

Round

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8
Q

Arcuate

A

Arc Shaped

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9
Q

Multiple different shapes located closely together

A

Multiform

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10
Q

Formed from coalescing circles, rings, or incomplete rings

A

Polycyclic

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11
Q

Target-like, with a center darker than the periphery

A

Targetoid

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12
Q

Dot-like; typically, around 1 mm

A

Punctate

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13
Q

With a central depression of the surface

Also known as “delled”

A

Umbilicated

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14
Q

Resembling a straight line

Ex: Poison Ivy or scratches

A

Linear

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15
Q

Serpentine or snake-like

Ex: Lymphadenitis

A

Serpiginous

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16
Q

Most important additional feature of a lesion other than primary morphology

A

Lesion Color

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17
Q

Borders are clearly defined and have a definitive ‘stop’ point

A

Well-demarcated

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18
Q

Tight borders on a round lesion

Clear “beginning and end”

A

Circumscribed

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19
Q

Borders are indistinct and lack a definitive start/stop point

A

Not well-demarcated

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20
Q

Protein-rich fluid containing cellular elements extruded from blood vessels secondary to inflammation or injury

A

Exudate

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21
Q

Thin, pink-colored discharge associated with normal wound healing

A

Serosanguinous

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22
Q

Mild, yellow and cloudy discharge associated with mild infections

A

Seropurulent

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23
Q

Thick, yellow to green discharge typically associated with infection

A

Purulent

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24
Q

Thin, clear discharge associated with and expected in inflammatory stage of wound healing

A

Serous

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25
Q

Thin, darker red drainage associated with capillary permeability and/or capillary injuries

A

Sanguineous

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26
Q

Dead crust =

A

Serum

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27
Q

Unilateral and lying in the distribution of a single spinal afferent nerve root

A

Dermatomal/Zosteriform

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28
Q

Lying along the distribution of a lymph vessel; implies infectious agent spreading from an acral (distal) site

A

Lymphangitic

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29
Q

Occurring in distal locations, such as on the hands, feet, wrists, ankles, ears, or penis

A

Distal (Acral)

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30
Q

Occurring on the trunk or central body

A

Truncal

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31
Q

Occurring in areas usually not covered by clothing; face, dorsal hands

A

Sun Exposed (AKA Photo-distributed)

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32
Q

Occurring in areas usually covered by clothes

A

Sun Protected

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33
Q

Occurring over the dorsal extremities (knees/elbows)

A

Extensor

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34
Q

Overlying the flexor muscles of the extremities (antecubital and popliteal fossae)

A

Flexor

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35
Q

Occurring in the skin folds, where 2 skin surfaces are in contact (axillae, inguinal folds, inner thighs, inframammary skin)

A

Intertriginous

36
Q

Favoring the hair-bearing locations of the skin

Scalp, eyebrows, beard, central chest, axillae, genitals, nasolabial and postauricular creases

A

Seborrheic

37
Q

Confined to a single body location

A

Localized

38
Q

Widespread

Medical term for rash

A

Generalized

39
Q

Lesions which develop as a direct result of the disease process

A

Primary lesions

40
Q

Evolve from primary lesions or develop because of patient’s activities

Lesions which develop from longstanding/untreated disease

A

Secondary Lesions

41
Q

Flat, circumscribed area of color change less than 1 cm in diameter

A

Macule

42
Q

A flat, non-palpable, irregularly shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter

A

Patch

43
Q

An elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter

A

Papule

44
Q

An elevated firm, rough, lesion with flat top greater than 1 cm in diameter

A

Plaque

45
Q

Elevated, circumscribed, superficial fluid-filled. Less than 1 cm.

A

Vesicle

46
Q

Elevated, superficial lesion. Similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid

A

Pustule

47
Q

Vesicle greater than 1 cm

A

Bulla

48
Q

An elevated, irregularly-shaped area of cutaneous edema. Solid, transient and variable diameter

A

Wheal (Hive)

49
Q

Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in the dermis than a papule

1-2 cm in diameter

A

Nodule

50
Q

Elevated and solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deep in the dermis

Greater than 2 cm

A

Tumor (mass)

51
Q

Encapsulated lesion in the dermis or hypodermis; filled with liquid or semi-solid material

A

Cyst

52
Q

Fine, irregular, red line produced by capillary dilation

A

Telangiectasia

53
Q

Loose or adherent flake composed of stratum corneum cells

A

Scales

54
Q

Rough and thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or irritation. Accentuation of skin markings is often seen

A

Lichenification

55
Q

Dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated

A

Crust

56
Q

Thick and fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after injury to the dermis. Epithelial tissue is replaced with connective tissue during the healing process

A

Scar

57
Q

Overgrowth of scar tissue that remains confined to the site of initial injury

A

Hypertrophic scar

58
Q

Enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body due to increased size of constituent cells

A

Hypertrophy

59
Q

Irregularly shaped, elevated scar that grows beyond the boundaries of the initial injury or wound

A

Keloid

60
Q

Keloids are more common in ___ skin types

A

IV-VI

61
Q

Thinning of the skin and loss of skin markings. Skin can turn translucent and paper-like

A

Atrophy

62
Q

Side-effect of long-term topical corticosteroid use

Aging

Striae

A

Atrophy

63
Q

Loss of part of the epidermis

A

Erosion

64
Q

Loss of epidermis and dermis

A

Ulcer

65
Q

Loss of epidermis

A

Excoriation

66
Q

Linear crack in skin continuity from epidermis to dermis

A

Fissure

67
Q

Excessive hair (female) in non-hairy areas

A

Hirsutism

68
Q

Variable patchy & round hair loss on scalp

A

Alopecia Areata

69
Q

Hair loss secondary to excessive/constant traction

A

Traction Alopecia

70
Q

Hair loss secondary to scar formation and follicle loss

A

Scarring Alopecia

71
Q

Loss of all scalp hair

A

Alopecia Totalis

72
Q

Loss of all body hair

A

Alopecia Universalis

73
Q

Male pattern baldness

A

Androgenic Alopecia

74
Q

Normal nail angle

A

160 degrees

75
Q

Nail angle that would indicate clubbing

A

> 180 degrees

76
Q

Well circumscribed areas of thickened epidermal keratin that develop at locations of repeated pressure or friction

A

Callus

77
Q

Develop similarly to calluses but have a central hyperkeratotic core that is often painful

A

Corn (clavus)

78
Q

Human papillomavirus lesions that occur on the soles of feet

A

Plantar warts

79
Q

Accumulation of melanocytes/nevus cells in dermis

Symmetric brown macule or papule with smooth, regular borders

A

Nevus (Mole)

80
Q

Abnormalities of the nails are typically grouped into 3 categories:

A

Injury

Infection

Systemic disease

81
Q

Bleeding from nail bed secondary to trauma

May lead to onycholysis

A

Subungual hematoma

82
Q

Nail separates from distal nail bed

Secondary to trauma, hematoma, fungus

A

Onycholysis

83
Q

Ingrowing of nail, secondary to improper trimming technique, shoe compression

A

Onychocryptosis

84
Q

Yellow, crumbling nail plate

Hyperkeratotic debris beneath

Onycholysis

Due to fungal infection

A

Onychomycosis

85
Q

Infection around nail

Bacteria

A

Paronychia

Derm (3 decks)

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