ch 2: philosophical context Flashcards
what is the word for “an intense interest in human beings?”
renaissance humanism
which person said “the knowledge is derived from reason” (rationalism)
also says “I think therefore I am”
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
what does nativism mean?
innate (natural) ideas
what did Descartes believe about ‘reflex’ and the “Bodily Machine”
animal spirits are the deriving force behind movement (example: putting your foot near a hot fire and your brain tugs on the nerves to pull away from the fire)
what did Descartes say about mechanistic philosophy?
he said human bodies are like complicated machines but we had mental qualities like language and complex thought
what did Descartes say about Dualism? (mind and body dualism)
mind and body are separate but he believed that they could interact with each other (example: gut feelings)
what did he say about interactionism?
but he believed that they could interact with each other (example: gut feelings)
what did Descartes say about the pineal gland?
- Descartes concluded that the mind and body interacted at the pineal gland and it acted as a sort of bridge between the mind and body.
- Unitary which was a single structure where they interacted
what did John Locke say about empiricism?
knowledge is derived from experience
what were Humes 3 laws of association
- law of resemblance: our thoughts become associated when they resemble one another
- law of contiguity: when you think of something, you tend to think of things you experienced in that time or place
- law of cause and effect: when we think of an effect, we think of the outcome
what is an example of the law of resemblance?
a pen and a pencil - they resemble one another
what is an example of contiguity?
when you listen to a song, you think of the first time or place you listened it to
what is an example of cause and effect?
a wound that causes pain, heals into a scar but when we look at the scar, we think of the pain and events that led up to the wound
