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genitourinary > Ch 2 Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Ch 2 Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Accessory sex glands

A

Seminal Vesicles

Prostate

Bulbourethral glands

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2
Q

Produce sperm and secrete hormones

A

Testes

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3
Q

Dense white fibrous capsule that extends inward and divides each testis into internal compartments

A

Lobules

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4
Q

Produce sperm by a process called spermatogenesis. Lined with spermatogenic cells

A

Seminiferous tubules

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5
Q

Located between the developing sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules

Support, protect, and nourish spermatogenic cells

Phagocytize degenerating spermatogenic cells

Secrete fluid for sperm transport

Release inhibin - which regulate sperm production

A

Sertoli Cells

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6
Q

Located between the seminiferous tubules

Secrete Testosterone

A

Leydig Cells

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7
Q

Hormone that promotes the development of masculine characteristics

A

Androgen

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8
Q

Promotes a man’s libido

A

Testosterone

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9
Q

Scrotum consists of:

A

Loose skin

Superficial fascia

Smooth muscle

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10
Q

Survival of sperm is optimal at a temperature of:

A

2-3 degrees C below normal body temp

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11
Q

The process by which the seminiferous tubules of the testes produce sperm

A

Spermatogenesis

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12
Q

Three stages of spermatogenesis

A

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

Spermiogenesis

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13
Q

Meiosis

Two chromosomes that make up each pair

A

Homologous chromosomes

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14
Q

Somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes

A

Diploid cells

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15
Q

Differ from somatic cells because they contain a single set of 23 chromosomes

A

Gametes (haploid)

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16
Q

In sexual reproduction, an organism results from the fusion of:

A

Two gametes, one from each parent

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17
Q

The time from on-set of cell division in a spermatogonium until sperm are released into the lumen of a seminiferous tubule

A

65-75 days

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18
Q

Spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes are:

A

Diploid

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19
Q

Spermatogenesis Cycle

The net effect of _______ is that each resulting cell contains a haploid set of chromosomes

A

Meiosis I

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20
Q

The cells formed by meiosis I are:

A

Haploid secondary spermatocytes

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21
Q

Each chromosome within a secondary spermatocyte is made up of:

A

Two chromatids (2 copies of DNA) still attached by a centromere

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22
Q

Cells formed in this process are termed spermatids, contain 23 chromosomes each of which is composed of a single chromatid

A

Meiosis II

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23
Q

Final stage of spermatogenesis

A

Spermiogenesis

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24
Q

Sperm are produced at a rate of:

A

300 million per day

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25
Q

Once ejaculated, most sperm only survive:

A

48 hours

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26
Q

Part of the sperm that contains DNA

A

Head

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27
Q

A vesicle containing enzymes that aid penetration by the sperm cell into a secondary oocyte

A

Acrosome

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28
Q

Four parts of the sperm cell tail

A

Neck, middle, principal, end piece (terminal)

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29
Q

Part of the sperm that contains mitochondria that provide ATP for locomotion

A

Middle piece

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30
Q

Longest portion of the tail

A

Principal

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31
Q

What propels sperm and fluid through the seminiferous tubules and into the epididymis?

A

Fluid secreted from Sustentacular cells

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32
Q

Comma-shaped organ that lies posterior to the testes

A

Epididymis

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33
Q

Each epididymis consists mostly of the:

A

Tightly coiled ductus epididymis

34
Q

Site of sperm maturation

Sperm acquire the motility and the ability to fertilize a secondary oocyte

A

Ductus Epididymis

35
Q

How many days does it take in the ductus epididymis for sperm to become mobile?

A

10-14

36
Q

Stores sperm and helps propel them during sexual arousal by peristaltic contraction of its smooth muscle into the vas deferens

A

Ductus epididymis

37
Q

Sperm may remain in storage in the ductus epididymis for:

A

Several months

38
Q

Ascends along the posterior border of the epididymis and penetrates the inguinal canal

A

Ductus deferens

39
Q

Has a heavy coat of 3 muscles

Stores sperm for several months

A

Ductus deferens

40
Q

Conveys sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra during sexual arousal by peristaltic contractions of the muscular coat

A

Ductus deferens

41
Q

Supporting structure of the male reproductive system

A

Spermatic cord

42
Q

The ejaculatory ducts are formed by the union of:

A

Ductus deferens and seminal vesicles

43
Q

Carry sperm into the urethra

A

Short ejaculatory ducts

44
Q

Terminal duct of the male reproductive system

A

Urethra

45
Q

Males

The urethra passes through the:

A

Prostate

Deep perineal muscles

Penis

46
Q

Pouch-like structures, lying posterior to the base of the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum

A

Seminal vesicles

47
Q

Seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline viscous fluid containing:

A

Fructose

Prostaglandins

Clotting proteins

48
Q

Used for ATP production by sperm

A

Fructose

49
Q

Contribute to sperm motility and viability and may also stimulate muscular contraction within the female reproductive tract

A

Prostaglandins

50
Q

Fluid secreted by the seminal vesicles normally constitute about __% of the volume of semen

A

60%

51
Q

Single, doughnut-shaped gland about the size of a golf ball

A

Prostate

52
Q

Prostate size is attained at age 30 and remains stable until:

A

45

53
Q

Secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid (6.5) that contains citric acid, phosphatase, and several protein-digesting enzymes

A

Prostate secretions

54
Q

Can be used by sperm for ATP production via the Krebs cycle

A

Citric Acid

55
Q

Prostatic secretions make of __% of the volume of semen

A

25%

56
Q

Size of peas

Located inferior to the prostate on either side of the urethra

A

Bulbourethral glands

57
Q

Secrete an alkaline substance into the urethra glands that protects the passing sperm by neutralizing acids from urine in the urethra

A

Bulbourethral glands

58
Q

Secrete mucus that lubricates the end of the penis and the lining of the urethra thereby decreasing the number of sperm damaged during ejaculation

A

Bulbourethral glands

59
Q

Volume of semen in a typical ejaculation

A

2.5-5 mL

60
Q

___ million sperm per mL

A

50-150 million

61
Q

Male is likely to be infertile when sperm numbers fall below

A

20 million per mL

62
Q

pH of semen

A

7.2-7.7

63
Q

Gives a milky appearance, and fluids from the seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands give it a sticky consistency

A

Prostatic secretion

64
Q

Penis consists of:

A

Root

Body

Glans penis

65
Q

Penis

Two dorsolateral masses are called the:

A

Corpora cavernosa penis

66
Q

Penis

Smaller midventral mass, contains the urethra

A

Corpus spongiosum penis

67
Q

Covering of glans in an uncircumcised penis

A

Prepuce (foreskin)

68
Q

What type of impulses cause release of neurotransmitters and local hormones, including the gas nitric oxide, which relaxes vascular smooth muscle in the penile arteries?

A

Parasympathetic

69
Q

What type of reflex is ejaculation?

A

Sympathetic, from the lumbar

70
Q

Onset of puberty, neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus increase their secretion of:

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

71
Q

GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase its secretion of:

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

72
Q

LH stimulates Leydig cells, which are located between seminiferous tubules, to secrete:

A

Testosterone

73
Q

Testosterone is synthesized from:

A

Cholesterol

74
Q

Principal Androgen

A

Testosterone

75
Q

In some target cells, such as those in the external genitals and prostate, an enzyme converts testosterone to another androgen called:

A

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

76
Q

Act together to stimulate spermatogenesis

A

FSH

Testosterone

77
Q

What cells release inhibin, which inhibit FSH secretion by the anterior pituitary?

A

Sertoli cells

78
Q

Before birth, what stimulates the male pattern of development of reproductive system ducts and the descent of the testes

A

Testosterone

79
Q

Stimulates development of the external genitals

A

DHT

80
Q

Testosterone is converted in the brain to ______. Which may play a role in the development of certain regions of the brain in males

A

Estrogens

81
Q

At puberty, what hormones bring about development and enlargement of the male sex organs and the development of masculine secondary sexual characteristics

A

Testosterone

DHT

82
Q

Anabolic hormones

Stimulate protein synthesis

A

Androgens

genitourinary (8 decks)

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