Ch. 2 Key Terms Flashcards
Observation
A piece of information we gather using our senses (sight, hearing, smell and touch)
Hypothesis
A testable idea or explanation that leads to a scientific investigation
Prediction
A logical statement about what will happen if the hypothesis is supported
Experiment
A procedure designed to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions
Variable
The factor of interest, which, in our example would be the level of phosphate in the water.
Experimental Group
The group that receives the experimental treatment
Control Group
The group that does not receive the experimental treatment
Data
The information that a scientist gathers during an experiment.
Correlations
Experiments to answer questions in impossible or unethical.
Statistics
The collection and classification of data that are in the form of numbers.
Mean
The number obtained by adding the data for a characteristic and dividing this sum by the number of individuals.
Distribution
A relative arrangement of members of a statical population.
Probability
A chance that something will happen.
Sample
A group of individuals or events selected to represent the population.
Risk
The probability of an unwanted outcome.
Models
The representations of objects or systems.
Conceptual Model
A verbal or graphical explanation of how a system works or is organized.
Mathematical Model
One or more equations that represents the way a system or process works.
Values
The principles or standards we consider important.
Decision-Making Model
A conceptual model that provides a systematic process for making decisions.
