Ch. 2 Key Terms

Question 1

Observation

Answer 1

A piece of information we gather using our senses, our sight, hearing, smell, and touch.

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

Is a testable idea or explanation that leads to a scientific investigation.

Question 3

Prediction

Answer 3

A logical statement about what will happen if the hypothesis is supported.

Question 4

Experiment

Answer 4

Is a procedure designed to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions.

Question 5

Variable

Answer 5

Is the factor of interest, which, in our example, would be the level of phosphate in the water.

Question 6

Experimental Group

Answer 6

The group that receives the experimental treatment.

Question 7

Control Group

Answer 7

The group that does not receive the experimental treatment

Question 8

Data

Answer 8

The information that a scientist gathers during an experiment, which is often in numeric form.

Question 9

Correlation

Answer 9

Associations between two or more events.

Question 10

Statistics

Answer 10

The collection and classification of data that are in the form of numbers.

Question 11

Mean

Answer 11

The number obtained by adding the data fora characteristic and dividing this sum by the number of individuals.

Question 12

Distribution

Answer 12

The relative arrangement of the members of a statistical population.

Question 13

Probability

Answer 13

The chance that something will happen.

Question 14

Sample

Answer 14

A group of individuals or events selected to represent the population.

Question 15

Risk

Answer 15

The probability of an unwanted outcome.

Question 16

Model

Answer 16

Are representations of objects or systems.

Question 17

Conceptual Model

Answer 17

A verbal or graphical explanation of how a system works or is organized.

Question 18

Mathematical Model

Answer 18

One or more equations that represents the way a system or process works.

Question 19

Value

Answer 19

Are principles or standards we consider important.

Question 20

Decision-making model

Answer 20

A conceptual model that provides a systematic process for making decisions.