Ch 2 - Hydrologic Cycle

Question 1

Hydrosphere

Answer 1

All water in any form (solid, liquid, gas) on the earth.

Question 2

1. Hydrologic cycle
2. How much salt and fresh water is on Earth?

*3. How does salt water affect the body?

Answer 2

1. Water cycle (rain, snow, slush, etc) distributes water all over the Earth in constant motion.
2. 97% salt water.
   3% fresh water.

*3. The body is hypertonic to H2O.
> salt water will put water out of the body.

Question 3

What are the steps to the hydrologic cycle?

Answer 3

Evaporation -> condensation -> precipitation -> runoff AND/OR infiltration -> ground water supply. (Repeat) —> transpiration (evaporated into water storage in atmosphere).

Question 4

Why is H2O a good carrier of dissolved minerals/materials, and transferring energy?

Answer 4

1. Universal solvent.
2. High boiling and melting point.
3. Special adhesive and cohesive properties.
4. High heat capacity.

Question 5

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 5

Polarity lets H2O molecules make weak attraction.
H2O can dissolve a wide array of substances due to hydrogen bonding and polarity.
- dissolves molecular + ionic compounds, and transports materials.
- weak because they’re an ionic interaction between only partially charged molecules.

Question 6

Water in any form

Answer 6

H2O can perform as a regular gas and liquid but hydrogen bonds hold molecules in an open crystalline structure as a solid.
(Ice expands as it freezes)
e. g. snowflakes.

*H2O is less dense as a solid then as a liquid. (+4°C more dense).

Question 7

How does water store heat in organisms? (High heat capacity)

Answer 7

Organisms with a high water concentration in their tissues can maintain a constant internal temperature.