Ch. 2

Question 1

Americans with Disabilities Act

Answer 1

made public buildings and public transportation be accessible to disabled people. ex: wheelchair entrances/exits, handicap parking spots

Question 2

Block Grants

Answer 2

Offer large sums of money to the states with no strings attached. Helps the states pay for overarching programs, like healthcare.

Question 3

Categorical grants

Answer 3

Money grants given to the states by the federal gov. with the condition that they have to follow the congressional guidelines. Categorical grants can only be used for specific purposes.

Question 4

Clean Air Act

Answer 4

established national standards for states dealing with urban smog, acid rain, and toxic pollutants; sought to benefit the health of those who worked in private industries

Question 5

Commerce Clause

Answer 5

Congress has the power to regulate trade with foreign nations and among the several states with Indian tribes. The Commerce Clause also sets the limit that the federal government can interfere with trading/economic activity.

Question 6

Compact Theory

Answer 6

the original 13 states had jurisdiction over the national governments actions; they were the final judges. (was used against the Alien and Sedition Acts)

Question 7

Concurrent Powers

Answer 7

powers given both to the federal and state governments. Both the states and the federal government can collect taxes, define crimes, run court systems and improve lands.

Question 8

Conditions of aid

Answer 8

the congressional guidelines that the states must follow when they receive a categorical grant

Question 9

Cooperative Federalsim

Answer 9

system of government where powers and policy assignments are shared between the federal and state governments. Allows for costs, administrations, and decisions to be made together.

Question 10

Delegated Powers

Answer 10

powers given to the federal government by the Constitution. includes the job descriptions of the President and the courts.

Question 11

Devolution

Answer 11

the transfer of some federal duties/responsibilities back to the state governments. (Helped balance the power when the people believed that the federal gov. became too powerful)

Question 12

Dual Federalism

Answer 12

the federal gov. reigns supreme over their sphere and the state governments reigns supreme over their sphere. The federal gov. cannot interfere with the state’s laws because their power exists only in their sphere.

Question 13

Extradition

Answer 13

the transfer of runaway criminals back to their original state. Helps with prosecution/ punishing criminals and cross-border crimes

Question 14

Federal Income tax

Answer 14

taxes paid out to the federal gov. by anyone who earns an income; are used to support gov. programs

Question 15

Federalism

Answer 15

the healthy and balanced sharing of power between the federal and state governments

Question 16

Fiscal Federalism

Answer 16

the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system

Question 17

full faith and credit clause

Answer 17

policy that each state must accept the rules and judicial proceedings of every other state; helps establish respect and courtesy between states

Question 18

Grants in aid

Answer 18

when the federal gov. grants financial aid to the states to help them pay for their programs and basic needs

Question 19

Implied Powers

Answer 19

powers that are not listed out in the Constitution, but are implied

Question 20

Mandates

Answer 20

demands on states to carry out certain policies as a condition of receiving grant money.

Question 21

Marble Cake Federalism

Answer 21

is a model of intergovernmental (federal and state governments) relations that define US federalism in terms of shared responsibilities and joint action

Question 22

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 22

Supreme Court ruled that Congress has implied powers under the necessary and proper clause. Also decided that a 2nd national bank could be created

Question 23

New Federalism

Answer 23

turned over some of the federal government programs’ powers and responsibilities to the states, as well as reduced the federal gov.’s role in domestic affairs

Question 24

No Child Left Behind Act

Answer 24

required states to apply for federal funding for their school programs, so they could administer standardized tests to measure school achievement.

Question 25

Nullification

Answer 25

state’s right to void any federal law if they believe it violates the Constitution

Question 26

Police Powers

Answer 26

powers that states have to enforce laws regarding health, safety, and morals ex. speed limits and restrictions on smoking

Question 27

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Answer 27

prevents states from discriminating against out-of-state citizens on matters of fundamental or essential rights and activities; gives anyone who is new to the state the same rights and privileges as everyone else who already lives there

Question 28

Reserved Powers

Answer 28

powers reserved for the people

Question 29

Revenue Sharing

Answer 29

when federal income tax is distributed/shared to the states to spend on gov. purposes; promotes employment, output, income, and private expenditure

Question 30

Selective Exclusiveness

Answer 30

legal doctrine stating that when commerce becomes an issue at a national level, only Congress can regulate it

Question 31

Strict Constructionist

Answer 31

people who believe that the Constitution should be strictly followed; if it is not specifically stated in the Constitution, then it is not allowed. (Thomas Jefferson)

Question 32

Strings

Answer 32

obligations a state must comply to in order to receive a grant

Question 33

10th Amendment

Answer 33

declares that the states have power over schools, safety, health and marriage

Question 34

Unitary Government

Answer 34

form of gov. where only one single agency rules. The states and the people do not have any authority in their gov. benefit: decisions can be made quicker

Question 35

United States v. Lopez Case

Answer 35

declared that school zones should be gun-free

Question 36

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 36

George Washington imposed taxes to help pay off war debts. Farmers who grew grain to make whiskey were enraged because they could not pay the taxes and rebelled. George Washington called upon the militia to settle them down and it proved to everyone that the federal government could make people follow the law.