Ch 2: Examples of Food Groups

Question 1

Gluten (avoid with celiac disease/celiac sprue)

Answer 1

Wheat (including spelt and kamut), rye, barley, oats (breads, cereals, pasta, cookies, cakes).

Question 2

Plant sterols and sterols (reduces cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglycerides

Answer 2

Benecol spread, wheat germ, sesame oil, corn oil, peanuts

Question 3

Monosaturated fats/fatty acids (decreases risk of heart disease)

Answer 3

Olive oil, canola oil, some nuts (almonds, walnuts), sunflower oil/seeds
The Mediterranean diet is high in monosaturaed fats

Question 4

Saturated fats or trans fats (increases the risk of heart disease)

Answer 4

lard, beef fat (fatty steak), deep-fried fast foods

Question 5

Omega-3 or fish oils (decreases risk of heart disease)

Answer 5

fatty cold-water marine fish (salmon), fish oils, flaxseed oil, and krill oil

Question 6

Magnesium (decreases BP, dilates blood vessels)

Answer 6

some nuts (almonds, peanuts, cashews), some beans, whole wheat. Also found in laxatives, antacids, milk of magnesia

Question 7

Potassium (helps decreases BP)

Answer 7

most fruits (especially apricot, banana, orange, prune juice), some vegetables.

Question 8

Folate (decreases homocysteine levels and fetal neural tube defects)

Answer 8

breakfast cereals fortified with folate, green leafy vegetables (i.e. spinach), liver

Question 9

Iron (treats iron-deficiency anemia)

Answer 9

beef, liver, black beans, black-eyed peas

Question 10

Vitamin K (control intake if on anticoagulants)

Answer 10

green leafy vegetables, (kale, collard greens, spinach), broccoli, cabbage

Question 11

High sodium content (increases water retention, can increase BP)

Answer 11

cold cuts, pickles, preserved foods, canned foods, hot dogs, chips

Question 12

Calcium (helps with osteopenia and osteoporosis, helps decrease BP)

Answer 12

low-fat dairy, low-fat milk, low-fat yogurt, cheeses

Question 13

Celiac disease

Answer 13

Lifetime avoidance of gluten-containing cereals such as wheat, rye, barley, and oats
Gluten free: rice, corn, potatoes, peanuts, soy, beans, meant, dairy, all fruits/vegetables

Question 14

Hypertension

Answer 14

Maintain an adequate intake of calcium, magnesium, and potassium
Calcium: low-fat dairy, low-fat yogurt, cheeses
Magnesium: wheat bread, nuts (almonds, peanuts, cashews), some beans.
Potassium: Most fruits (apricot, banana, oranges, cantaloupes, raisins), green vegetables
Avoid high-sodium foods: cold cuts, preserved foods, canned foods, preservatives

Question 15

Migraine headaches and MAOIs (Marplan, Nardil, and Parnate)

Answer 15

High-tyramine foods: aged cheeses/meats, red wine, fava beans, draft beer, fermented foods

Question 16

Anticoagulation therapy (i.e., warfarin sodium or Coumadin)

Answer 16

Avoid or limit high intake of vitamin K foods such as leafy vegetables (kale/collard greens, spinach, cabbage) broccoli, Vitamin K decreases the effectiveness of warfarin sodium. Avoid excessive intake of vitamin K-rich foods