ch 2 chem comes alive

Question 1

is anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

capacity to do work or to put matter into motion

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

energy in action

Answer 3

kinetic energy

Question 4

is stored energy that is incactive energy that has the potential or capability to do work but is not presently doing so

Answer 4

potential energy
ex:battery in an unused toy water behind a damn

Question 5

is the form stored in the bonds of chemical substances

Answer 5

chemical energy

Question 6

results from the movement of charged particles

Answer 6

electrical energy

Question 7

is energy directly involved in moving matter

Answer 7

mechanical energy

Question 8

is energy that travels in waves.

Answer 8

radiant energy or electromagnetic radiation

Question 9

unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methoods

Answer 9

elements

Question 10

provides a listing of the known elements helps explain the importance of each elemet

Answer 10

periodic table

Question 11

each element is composed of essentially identical particles or building blocks

Answer 11

atoms (10-9th) (m)

Question 12

we designate each element by a one or two letter chemical short hand called an

Answer 12

atomic symbol

Question 13

an atom has a central ______ containng protons and neutrons tightly boud together

Answer 13

nucleus

Question 14

bear a postive electrical charge

Answer 14

protons

Question 15

are neutral so the nucleus is positviely chaged overall

Answer 15

neutrons

Question 16

protons and neutrons are heavy particles and have approximately the same mass arbitrarily designated as

Answer 16

1 atomic mass unit (amu)

Question 17

bear a negatvie charge equal in strength to the positive charge of the proton. E is unually designated as 0 amu

Answer 17

electrons

Question 18

of the atom is a simplified model of atomic structure

Answer 18

planetary model

Question 19

regions around the nucleus in which origin electron or electron pair is likely to be found most of the time

Answer 19

orbitals

Question 20

is more useful for predicting the chemical behavior of atoms

Answer 20

orbital model

Question 21

of any atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus and is written as a subscript to the left of its atomic symbol

Answer 21

atomic number

Question 22

of an taom is the sum of the masses of it protons and nuetrons

Answer 22

mass number

Question 23

nearly all known elements have two or more stuctural variations called

Answer 23

isotopes

Question 24

is an average of the weights (mass number) of all the isotopes of an element taking into account their relative abundance in nature

Answer 24

atomic weight

Question 25

the heavier isotopes of many elements are unstable and their atoms decompose spontaneously into more stable forms this processs of atomic decay is called radioactivity, and isotopes that demonstate this behavior are called

Answer 25

radioisotopes

Question 26

when two or more different kinds of atoms bind they form molecules of a

Answer 26

compound

Question 27

are homogeneus mixtures of components that may be gases liquids or solids

Answer 27

solutions

Question 28

the substance present in the greatest amount is called

Answer 28

solvent

Question 29

substances present in smaller amounts are called

Answer 29

solutes

Question 30

solutions used in a college labratory or a hospital often describe in terms of the

Answer 30

percent

Question 31

still another way to express the concentration of a solution is in terms of its

Answer 31

molarity or moles per liter
M

Question 32

of any element or compound is equal to its atomic weight or molecular weight in grams

Answer 32

mole

Question 33

one mole of any substance alwyays contains exactly the same number of solute particles that is 6.02 x 10 to the (23rd)

Answer 33

Avogadros number

Question 34

emulsions are heterogenous mixtues which means that their composition is dissimilar in different areas of the mixture

Answer 34

colloids

Question 35

that is to chane reversibly from a fluid state to a more soid gel state jello or any gelatin product

Answer 35

sol-gel transformations

Question 36

heterogenous mixtures with large often visible solutes that tend to settle out
like sand and water
blood and plasma

Answer 36

suspensions

Question 37

when atoms combine with other atoms they are held together by

Answer 37

chemical bonds

Question 38

each electron shell represents a different

Answer 38

energy level

Question 39

refers to an atoms outermost energy level or that portions of it containg the electrons that are chemically reactive

Answer 39

valence shell

Question 40

except for shell 1, which is full when it has 2 elections, atoms tend to interact in such a way that they end up having 8 elections in their velance shell

Answer 40

octet rule or rule of eights

Question 41

however elections can be transferred from one atomt oanother and when this happens the precise balence of + and - charges is lost so that charged particles called ——– is formed

Answer 41

ions

Question 42

is a chemical bond between atoms formed by the transfer of one or more electons from one atom to the other

Answer 42

ionic bond

Question 43

net negative charge

Answer 43

aninon

Question 44

positive charge

Answer 44

cation

Question 45

large arrays of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds

Answer 45

crystals

Question 46

electron sharing prouces molecules in which the shared electiond occupy a single orbital common to both atoms which constitutes a

Answer 46

covalent bond

Question 47

the molecules formed are electically balanced and are called

Answer 47

nonpolar molecules

Question 48

it may also result in unequal electon pair sharing creating a

Answer 48

polar molecule

Question 49

in general small atoms with 6 or 7 valence shell elections such as oxygen nitrogen and chlorine are electron hungry and attract electons very stongly a capability called

Answer 49

electronegativety

Question 50

most atoms with only one or two valence shell electrons tend to be

Answer 50

electropostivie

Question 51

because water has two poles of charge it is a polar molecule or

Answer 51

dipole

Question 52

occurs whenever chemical bonds are formed rearraned or broken

Answer 52

chemical reaction

Question 53

the number and kinds of the interacting substances

Answer 53

the reactants

Question 54

the chemical composition of the result of the reaction

Answer 54

the products

Question 55

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