Ch 2 case study

Question 1

After analyzing their data, what would researchers do next?

Answer 1

present their findings

Question 2

After formulating hypotheses and predictions, what step must a psychologist take next?

Answer 2

Test the hypotheses and predictions through empirical research.

Question 3

A test of intelligence is given to a subject. The subject scores a 110 on the first administration. Six months later, the same subject is given the test again and receives a score of 75. After another six months have passed, the subject is given the test one last time and receives a score of 138. What conclusions can be drawn from these scores?

Answer 3

The scores are not reliable.

Question 4

A theory is

Answer 4

a broad idea that can be used to explain observations.

Question 5

Descriptive Research :

Answer 5

1-observation
2-surveys and interviews
3-case studies

Question 6

Experimental Research :

Answer 6

1-independent and dependent variables
2-Quasi-experimental design

Question 7

What is the term for an educated guess based on a theory that can be tested?

Answer 7

hypothesis

Question 8

In the field of psychology, descriptive research serves the purpose of observing and recording ______ that can be used as data.

Answer 8

behavior

Question 9

In order to test a hypothesis and conduct valid empirical research, a psychologist first needs

Answer 9

a concrete way to measure the variable of interest.

Question 10

After researchers have gathered data, what do they do next?

Answer 10

1-Researchers would analyze their data to see if it supports the predictions of their hypothesis.
2-Researchers would analyze the findings to see what the results say about the theory used to guide their study.

Question 11

Correlational research involves studies that are concerned with identifying the relationships between two or more___________in order to describe how they change together.

Answer 11

variables

Question 12

Results are considered reliable if they can be

Answer 12

replicated.

Question 13

An experiment

Answer 13

involves manipulating one or more variables in order to determine their effect on other variables.

Question 14

The third step in the scientific method is the need to collect and analyze data, that is, the testing of hypotheses by conducting empirical
research :

Answer 14

Research

Question 15

The entire group about which a researcher wants to draw conclusions is called the

Answer 15

population.

Question 16

The key feature of a correlational study is :

Answer 16

that the factors of interest are examined to see how changes in one relate to changes in another.

Question 17

__________ research takes place in a controlled setting and provides researchers a way to control many aspects of the situation and exclude potential confounds.

Answer 17

laboratory

Question 18

Researchers must use_________ methods to determine whether causal relationships exist between variables.

Answer 18

Experimental

Question 19

A researcher is interested in studying visibility of tattoos on perceptions of competence for work. What type of design would be appropriate for this topic?

Answer 19

case study

observation

Question 20

___________ research methods include observation, surveys and interviews, and case studies.

Answer 20

Descriptive

Question 21

The entire group about which the investigator wants to draw conclusions is the _________

Answer 21

population

Question 22

Statistics are used to ________________ the data collected from a research study.

Answer 22

report

Question 23

What setting would a researcher choose if they needed to remove many of the complex factors of the real world to conduct their research?

Answer 23

laboratory

Question 24

The distance between the highest and the lowest scores in any data set is considered the:

Answer 24

range

Question 25

Researchers use a __________ level of statistical significance relating to levels of probability in scientific research.

Answer 25

0.05

Question 26

In the field of psychology, descriptive research serves the purpose of observing and recording ______ that can be used as data.

Answer 26

behavior

Question 27

Which of the following are roles of ethics in research?

Answer 27

1-protect participant rights during a research study 2-balance individual rights and research benefits

Question 28

Statistics are mathematical methods for reporting

Answer 28

Data

Question 29

Why are ethical guidelines used by researchers?

Answer 29

1-so that the research proposal is accepted by the review board 2-so that the research does not cause the participant emotional distress 3-so that the research does not physically harm the participants

Question 30

Researchers have flexible ethical guidelines for research involving animals.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

True or false: The range is calculated by adding the highest and lowest scores in a data set and then dividing by the number of scores in the dataset.

Answer 31

false

Question 32

Which statements are true regarding popular media reports of psychological research?

Answer 32

Media often only present sensationalistic and dramatic research findings.

Question 33

Which of the following is said to demonstrate statistical significance of probability in scientific research?

Answer 33

0.05

Question 34

Media reported that a research study found that most of us can not react when threatened by an attacker. What specific information might be important to know about the details of this study?

Answer 34

information about the characteristics and size of the sample

Question 35

_______________________of research are designed to ensure that the rights of research participants are weighed against the risks and benefits of a research study.

Answer 35

ethical principles

Question 36

Which of the following are the purposes of using ethical guidelines when conducting research?

Answer 36

1-to protect participants' best interests 2-to evaluate the ethical nature of research 3-to ensure that participants are not harmed

Question 37

The media reported that college students are not as happy as those who are not in college. You are happy. You are in college. Is there something wrong with you?

Answer 37

1-no - the results of a group study are not always relevant to an individual 2-no – the media may not have reported all the pertinent details of the research findings

Question 38

Which of the following statements are true about conducting research with animals?

Answer 38

1-Researchers follow strict ethical guidelines whether their participants are humans or animals. 2-Researchers working with animals follow standards of care for the animals’ well-being. 3-Researchers sometimes do things to research animals that would be unethical if done to humans.

Question 39

Which one of the following statements is true?

Answer 39

Most psychological questions need many research studies to provide answers. - Most psychological questions can be answered with a single research study. A single research study will provide answers that applies to all of us. A single research study is likely to provide conclusive answers.

Question 40

true or false The media often have trouble accurately informing us about the findings of psychological research study and its implications for our lives

Answer 40

true

Question 41

New research suggests the size of your car affects how you drive. If you have a big car, studies show you may be more likely to break the law. It has to do with posture and how powerful you feel. Researcher Andy Yap from MIT says if you're in a car that allows you to sprawl out, it can make you feel more powerful and that in turn, can lead to unethical behavior. What conclusion can we draw from this study?

Answer 41

Driving big cars may make us feel powerful and we might speed.

Question 42

The media report that a research study found that students learn better if they eat chocolate while reading. If your teacher insists that you eat chocolate, based on this report, what error is the teacher making?

Answer 42

1-The teacher is assuming that the class is similar to the participants in the study. 2-The teacher is overgeneralizing the results of this report to all students.

Question 43

Which of the following are roles of ethics in research?

Answer 43

1-protect participant rights during a research study 2-balance individual rights and research benefits

Question 44

Generalizing research results of a group study to a(n) ___________ may encourage a person to falsely apply the results to their own situation.

Answer 44

Individual

Question 45

A study presented at the American Society for Reproductive Medicine in Boston and published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Fertility and Sterility, suggests that processed meat intake is linked to poorer semen quality, and fish is linked to better semen quality. What elements of this story support the possibility that this research is credible?

Answer 45

1-The research was presented to a credible professional group. 2-The research was published by a credible professional journal.

Question 46

true or false Writing about one's own trauma can have health and immune system benefits, according to research.

Answer 46

true

Question 47

Swedish researchers found that women who had experienced divorce or a family member's illness in their 50s to 60s were more likely to develop dementia or Alzheimer’s disease in their 70s or 80s. What conclusion can we draw from this study?

Answer 47

70-year old women might develop Alzheimer’s disease.

Question 48

Media reported that a research study found that most of us can not react when threatened by an attacker. What specific information might be important to know about the details of this study?

Answer 48

information about the characteristics and size of the sample

Question 49

The headline is: “Study says sniffing rosemary improves memory by 75%.” The story reports that researchers presented evidence that sniffing the essential oil from the herb rosemary improved long-term memory and performance in mental arithmetic. To determine the credibility of this research what other information do you need to consider?

Answer 49

Was the study reviewed by an expert panel? Who conducted the research study? In which journal was the study published?

Question 50

When writing about your feelings, which of the following would be most helpful?

Answer 50

You should try to write every day, even for just a few minutes.