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CCP Psy-1100 > Ch. 2 Brain and Behavior > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Brain and Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

neurons

A

the cells that facilitate communication within the nervous system

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2
Q

neurons in your brain connect with…

A

parts of your body outside your brain (receive sensory input from hands, send motor output to feet, etc.)

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3
Q

interneurons

A

neurons that serve only to connect to other nearby neurons (don’t reach farther out into body)

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4
Q

neurons that extend beyond the brain fall into two categories…

A

1) neurons that deliver messages to your brain

2) neurons that deliver messages from your brain

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5
Q

sensory neurons carry…

A

information to your brain from your senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch)

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6
Q

motor neurons carry…

A

messages from your brain to your muscles

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7
Q

reflex

A

an automatic motor response to sensory input

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8
Q

the center of each neuron is the…

A

cell body

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9
Q

cell body (or soma)

A

large central region of neuron; performs basic activities (production of energy to keep the neuron functional)

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10
Q

axon

A

the part of the neuron that carries information toward other neurons

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11
Q

axon terminals

A

small branches at the end of an axon that form connections with the next neuron

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12
Q

dendrites

A

branches at the end of neurons that receive signals from other neurons

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13
Q

myelin sheath

A

a protective sleeve of fatty material that surrounds the axon

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14
Q

glial cells

A

cells that support and protect neurons throughout the brain

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15
Q

myelin sheath in neuronal communication…

A

makes sure that messages travel through axons at max. speed and with minimal loss

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16
Q

deterioration of the myelin sheath is…

A

multiple sclerosis (MS): a disease that can affect movement/sensation

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17
Q

When a signal from a neuron makes it successfully through the axon…

A

the message travels from an axon terminal of one neuron to a dendrite of the next neuron

18
Q

synapse

A

a gap between two connecting neurons

19
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers that travel across synapses from one neuron to the next

20
Q

drugs that enhance the impact of a neurotransmitter…

A

agonists

21
Q

drugs that interfere with the impact of a neurotransmitter…

A

antagonists

22
Q

neurotransmitters travel in…

A

synaptic vesicles

23
Q

synaptic vesicles

A

tiny, sacklike containers for neurotransmitters

24
Q

receptor sites

A

openings in dendrites that match specific neurotransmitters like a lock fits a specific key

25
Q

reuptake

A

the process when a neurotransmitter is taken back up by the sending neuron after failing to land in a receptor site in the receiving neuron

26
Q

action potential

A

the release, or firing, of an electrical impulse that travels through the axon

27
Q

the all or nothing response:

A

when action potentials either happen completely or don’t happen at all

28
Q

resting potential

A

the low-level electrical charge in a neuron that is not firing

29
Q

threshold

A

the level of electrical charge required to trigger an action potential

30
Q

refractory period

A

a waiting time before another action potential can begin, during which the neuron is reset

31
Q

in humans neuron connections depend on…

A

experience, especially early life experience

32
Q

other species are hard wired at birth, meaning…

A

certain axon terminals are connected to certain dendrites across synapses from day one

33
Q

humans adaptability allows each of our brains to…

A

customize the synaptic connections we need and make that determination while we grow up

34
Q

Neurotransmitter that reduces pain/increases pleasure

A

Endorphins

35
Q

Neurotransmitter that influences brain’s reward system/body’s movement

A

Dopamine

36
Q

Neurotransmitter that influences mood (sleep/appetite)

A

Serotonin

37
Q

Neurotransmitter that helps fight-or-flight response

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

38
Q

Neurotransmitter that influences immune system

A

Histamine

39
Q

Neurotransmitter that helps activate muscles

A

Acetylcholine

40
Q

Neurotransmitter that helps control anxiety

A

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

41
Q

Neurotransmitter that helps memory/learning/brain development

A

Glutamate

CCP Psy-1100 (3 decks)

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