CH 2. BEGINNING WITH C Flashcards
C language was developed by ____________.
DENNIS RITCHIE
C was developed at ___________.
AT & T Bells laboratory
state the features of c language?
The features of c language are as follows:
- Robust language: c is a strong/structured language.
- general purpose: can perform both system and application tasks/programs.
- case sensitive language: c only accepts short letters otherwise its considered as an error.
- portable: c can be programmed in several devices it will execute the same output.
- c is a middle and low level language: c is categorised as both user level language (high level language) and machine level language(low level language).
- fast and efficient: c can be programmed and can execute the programs in a quick and efficient way.
- Modularity: c can solve large problems by dividing the tasks into modules/functions/procedures.
state whether the following statement is Right or wrong;
c can only perform application tasks
wrong.
c is general purpose i.e it can perform both application and system tasks.
state whether the following statement is Right or wrong:
other letters apart from the short letters in programming in c is considered as error.
Right
state whether the following statement is Right or wrong:
c can give several outputs in different devices.
wrong.
output of the same program doesnt differ in devices if it is programmed in C.
state whether the following statement is Right or wrong:
c can be both user level and high level language.
wrong.
As user level is called as high level language. c can be both machine level language (low) and user level language (high)
what is modularity in c?
modularity is a feature of c where it divides big tasks into short modules/functions/procedures in order to execute them efficiently.
write a basic c program that includes printf
#include
#include
void main()
{
printf("welcome to c language");
getch();
clrscr();
}what is the use of:
printf()
the printf function is used to print an output.
what is the use of:
main()
the main function is denotes the line from which execution of a program starts.
what are comment lines?
comment lines ( /* *\ ) are non executable statements in a program i.e which are ignored by compiler which is used for understanding the programs.
______ in programs helps in debugging and testing programs.
comment lines
__ is a special character used in printf.
/n new line
/n denotes _____.
new line
lines in {} has to end with _____.
semicolon.
uppercase letters are used for ____.
symbolic constants
each statement in c must end with ___.
semicolon.
___ indicates beginning of a function.
open brace bracket. {
___ indicates end of a function.
closed braced bracket. }
program in c should have ____ extension.
.c
What is C character set?
1.A character denotes any alphabet,digits,special symbols, white spaces etc.
2. A character set comprises of the foll:
Letters or alphabets:A,B,C….,X,Y,Z a,b,c,…,x,y,z
Digits: 0123456789
Special characters: #@!$%^&*()?,;:”’+×÷=/_
White spaces: blanks, horizontal tabs, newline, formfeed, carriage return.
What are c tokens?
1.Smallest individual unit in c is called as tokens
2. The types of tokens are as follows:
Keywords/identifiers/constants/strings/ special symbols/ operators.
What are keywords in c?
Keywords are words whose meanings have already been defined and the meanings cannot be changed.
Keywords are also called as reserved words.
There are 32 keywords in c.
There are ___ keywords in c
32
Keywords should be written in ___.
Lowercase letters
What are identifiers in c
Identifiers are names given to arrays, functions and strings.
These names are userdefined.
They are made of combination of letters&digits.
Cant be more than 8 characters long.
Use of underscore is permitted.
what are constants in c?
constants are fixed value which does not change during execution of program.
what are the types of constants in c?
there are two main types of constants in c namely,
numeric constants and character constants.
numeric constants include integer and real constants whereas character constants includes single character constants and strings.
what are integer constants?
integer constants include constants which doesnot include decimal. integer constants are sequence of digits and they must have atleast one digit. integer constant can be positive or negative.
if there are no signs preceding integer constants, they are assumed to be ____.
positive
state true or false:
Embedded spaces, commas, special characters are allowed in integer constants.
false
state and explain the types of integer constants
integer constants can be categorised into 3 types:
decimal constants
includes sequence of digits which can be positive or negative
octal constants
digits from 0 to 7with leading 0
hexadecimal constants
Sequence of digits from 0to 15 starting from OX,Ox and represents A/a to F/f for 10 to 15.
give examples of following:
decimal integer constants
32561
74628933
022164
give examples of following:
octal integer constants
0x43
0X57
0x664
give examples of following:
hexadecimal integer constants
OX45AD
Ox34
explain real constants
real constants are used to represent values that vary continously like temperature, distance etc.
it has a decimal point. can be positive or negative.
state and explain the ways of representing real constants.
there are two ways of representing real constants namely: decimal form and exponential form
in decimal representation, the constant has a decimal point. can be positive or negative. eg. 12.563
exponential form, the constants are divided into 2 parts: mantissa and exponenet and the form is mantissa e exponent. both mantissa and exponent value can be positive and negative. eg: 2.4e9 (e9 multiply by 10^9)
exponential notation is also called ____
scientific notation
explain: single character constants
single character constants include a single character (single alphabet, single digit, single special symbol) inside single quotation marks.
eg ‘s’
explain: string character constants
sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes. this characters includes letters digits special symbols as well as blank spaces. eg “3212#”
character constants have int values which are called as ___
ancii values
blank spaces are permitted in ___constants
string
does “W” has an int ancii value?
NO
what is a variable?
a variable is an dataname used to store data value. variable are names given to locations in memory where constants are stored. variables keeps changing values at diff time of execution.
____are names given to locations in memory where constants are stored.
variables
variable name
combination of alphabets, digits, underscore. first character should be an alphabet. variable name are case sensitive eg: a_12
____ should not be a keyword.
variables
TRUE/FALSE: variable name are case sensitive
true
TRUE/FALSE: comma, space are allowed in variables
false
TRUE/FALSE: backslash characters are used to take inputs in specific form
false. used to print/gives outputs in certain way
the character combination in backslash characters are called as ___
escape sequences
___ is considered as alphabets in c. (Variables, tokens,character set)
Character set.
____ are words in c. (Functions, instructions, tokens)
C Tokens
We use ___ to construct keywords and variables (characters, tokens, identifiers)
Tokens
The grammer in c is called ___. (Errors, syntax, logic)
Syntax
C is strongly associated with ___ (linux, unix, none)
Unix
C compiler has features of __. (High level language, 4th generation language, low level language)
Low level language
C porgram is collection of ___ supported by c library (tokens, functions, instructions)
Functions
One can only use functions from c library. (T/F)
False. One can also make/use their own functions which can also be added in c library
Set of statements in C is written under ___. ; {} ()
{}
___ is used to improve readability of program (//, ; , blank spaces)
// and blank spaces
Carriage return is part of ___ (special symbol, white spaces, none)
White spaces
One must not use __ as variable names (operators, functions, keywords)
Keywords
Goto is a ___. (Statement, keyword, identifier)
Keyword
____ includes functions,arrays and variables (keywords, character set, identifiers)
Identifiers
An ___ cant be more than 8 characters long. (String, operators, identifiers)
Identifiers
Identifiers can be upto 8 characters long (true,false)
False. They cant
One can use _ in ____. (Variables, identifiers, keywords)
Identifiers
Blank spaces are permitted in identifiers. (T/F)
False
Real and int constants are the types of constants. (T/F)
False. Numeric/character
___ is also called floating point constants. (Decimal, octal, real)
Real
Default sign of all constants is positive. (T/F)
True
___ stores datavalue. (Keywords, variables, functions)
Variables
___ are case sensitive. (Keywords, identifiers, variables)
Variables
State the types of datatypes supported by c
PRIMARY
USERDEFINED
DERIVED
EMPTY
___ datatype includes arrays, functions and pointers. (Primary, userdefined, derived)
Derived
Range of values for int is ___
-32,768/32,767
___ occupies 2 bytes
Int
Int range varies from machine (t/f)
True.
Int values are -32,768 to 32,767 for 16 bit word length (t/f)
True
Float occupies 32 bits for 8 digit precision (TRUE/FALSE)
False. 6 digit precision
___ char falls in range of -128,127. Signed,unsigned)
Signed
Signed char has range 0-255 (T/f)
False. Unsigned
Signed, unsigned are ___. (Datatypes, keywords, qualifiers)
Qualifiers
Match the foll: A. Int Float Char B. 32 bits 8 bits 2 bytes
Int: 2 bytes
Float: 32 bits ie 4 bytes
Char: 8 bits ie 1 byte
“Variable=expression” are operands (T/F)
False. Operands are expression on RHS of arithmetic instructions. They include constants and variable names
Are the following statements valid? State reasons for your answer.
p x q = a;
Illegal statement since X is used not ×.
Observe the following instruction: char a,b; int c; a= 'p'; b='m'; c= a+b; How will the foll be added?
Ancii values should be assigned to a,b.
/+÷ has high priority in c (true/false)
False. */% has high priority
___ has the least priority. (-,+,=)
=
Explain heirarcy of operators in c.
Explain in own words. Refer pg 32
Match the foll:
A. p/q=32
3×2=3.2
2.0×0=0
B. Real arithmetic
Int arithmetic
Mixed mode arithmetica=int arithmetic
b=mixed mode
c= real arithmetic
Explain the foll with example: int arithmetic, mixed mode arithmetic
Ans in own words: pg 36, 38
Observe the following program:
#include
void main()
{ int n;
float p,r,interest;
clrscr();
printf("enter principal amt");
scanf("%f",&p);
printf("/n enter rate of interest and no of years");
scanf("%f%f",&r&n);
interest=p*n*r/100;
printf("the si is %f interest");
}
This program depicts: \_\_\_\_(arithmetic instruction, basic c program, computational instruction)Arithmetic instructions
___ is used to compare values in program.
Relational operator
True/false: arithmetic operator can be used in either side of relational operator
False, Arithmetic expresssion.
arithmetic operators have high justification as compared to relational operator. Justify why.
Eg: p=12,q=23
p+q
Explain the use of logical operators
Own words. Pg 40
Explain the dogference between post and pre increment/decrement.
Pg. 42
