Ch 2- Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of the structures of the human body and the substances these structures are made of.
Physiology
The study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures, including physical and chemical processes.
Histology
The study of the structure and composition of tissue
Cells
The basic unit of all living things
Protoplasm
A colorless, jelly-like substance in which nutrients such as proteins, fats, carbs, mineral salts, and water are present. This is all vital to cell growth, reproduction, and self-repair
Organelles
Small organs
Nucleus
Dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell.
Nucleoplasm
A fluid that contains proteins
Deoxyribonucleic acid
This determines ourgenetic makeup, includingthe color of our eyes, skin, and hair
Mitochondria
Takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and create energy for the cell.
Adenosine triphosphate
Chemical energy used within the cell for metabolism
Neurons
Nerve cells
Cell membrane
The part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave.
Mitosis
The normal process of cell reproduction in human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells called daughter cells.
Metabolism
Chemical process that takes place in living organisms, converting nutrients into energy so the cell can function
Tissue
Collection of similar cells that performa particular function
Connective tissue
Supports, protects, and binds togetherother tissues of the body.
Epithelial tissue
A protective lining on cavities of the body and surfaces of organs.
Muscle tissue
Contracts and moves the various parts of the body.
Nerve tissue
Carries messages through the central nervous system to control and coordinate all body functions.
Integumentary system
Skin, oils, hair, nails.
Skeletal system
Bones
Physical foundationof the body
Muscular system
Muscles.
Nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Circulatory system
Heart and blood vessels
Immune/ lymphatic system
Spleen and lymph
Endocrine system
Adrenal gland, pituitary gland, and pancreas.
Reproductive system
Uterus, ovaries, penis, testes
Respiratory system
Lungs, trachea, bronchi
Digestive system
Esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, liver, small and large intestines.
Excretory system
Kidneys and bladder
Cranium
Oval, bony case that protects the brain, formed by 8 bones
Occipita-ne
Forms the back of the skull above the nape
Parietal bones
The sides and crown of the cranium
Frontal bone
Forehead
Temporal bones
Form the sides of the head in the ear region
Ethmoid bone
Light, spongy bone between the eye sockets that forms part of the nasal cavities
Sphenoid bone
Forms the sides of the eye socket
Nasal bones
Form the bridge of the nose
Lacrimal bones
The smallest and mostfragile bones of the face, are situated at the front inside part of the eye socket.
Zygomatic bones
Cheek bones
Maxillae bones
Upper jaw
