Ch 2 Anatomy

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

Basic unit of all living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells, which vary in size and shape according to function.

Question 2

Cell Membrane

Answer 2

Forms the boundary of the cell

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Gel-like fluid inside the cell

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Largest structure within the cell, usually spherical and centrally located. It contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction and is the control center and source energy production for the cell.

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

Located in the nucleus of the cell. There are 46 chromosomes in all normal human cells, with the exception of mature sex cells, which have 23.

Question 6

Genes

Answer 6

Regions within the chromosomes. Each chromosome has several thousand genes that determine hereditary characteristics.

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

Comprises each gene; is a genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell. DNA abbreviated deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 8

Tissue

Answer 8

Group of similar cells that performs a specific function

Question 9

Muscle Tissue

Answer 9

Composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement

Question 10

Nervous Tissue

Answer 10

Similarly specialized cells united in the performance of a particular function; found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities.

Question 11

Hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 11

Immature cells found in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. They have the potential to develop into all types of blood cells.

Question 12

Embryonic stem cells

Answer 12

Derived from the earliest stage of development of the embryo and have the potential to develop into mature body cells.

Question 13

Leukemia

Answer 13

Cancer involving the white blood cells

Question 14

Aplastic anemia

Answer 14

Disease in which there is inadequate production of blood cells

Question 15

Multiple myeloma

Answer 15

Cancer that forms tumors in the bone marrow

Question 16

Lymphoma

Answer 16

Cancer involving lymphoid cells

Question 17

Stem cell transplantation is used to treat

Answer 17

Leukemia, aplastic anemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and immune deficiency disorders

Question 18

Connective tissue

Answer 18

Connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures. Adipose (fat), osseous (bone), tissues, and blood are types of connective tissue. Fibrous tissue is a type of connective tissue that provides strength and stability such as in ligaments and tendons.

Question 19

Epithelial tissue

Answer 19

The major covering of the external surface of the body; forms membranes that line body cavities and organs and is the major tissue in glands. Glandular tissue is designed to secrete substances such as digestive enzymes.

Question 20

Organ

Answer 20

Two or more types of tissues that together perform special body functions. For example, the skin is an organ composed of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

Question 21

Viscera

Answer 21

Large internal organs contained in the body cavities, especially in the abdominal cavity

Question 22

System

Answer 22

Group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions. For example, the cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its function is to transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

Question 23

Genome

Answer 23

The complete set of genes for all the cells of a specific organism.

Question 24

Genomics

Answer 24

The study of the genome and its products and interactions.

Question 25

Medical genomics

Answer 25

The study of the genome and how it can be used to determine the cause, treatment, and prevention of disease.

Question 26

Gene therapy

Answer 26

Any therapeutic procedure in which genes are intentionally introduced into human body cells to achieve gene repair, gene suppression, or gene addition.