Ch. 2 Analyzing the Incident Flashcards
Recognizing and identifying the presence of hazardous materials
Seven clues to the Presence of Hazardous Materials
- Occupancy types, locations, and preincident surveys
- Container shapes
- Transportation placards, labels, and markings
- Other markings and colors (non-transportation)
- Written resources
- Senses
- Monitoring and detection devices
Pre-planning reduces …
… oversights, confusion, and effort duplication, and it results in a desirable outcome
Pre-incident surveys identify …
Exposures such as people, property, and environment
Hazmat types, quantities, dangers, and locations
Building features such as location of fixed fire suppression systems
Site characteristics
Possible access/egress difficulties
Inherent limitations of response organization when trying to control certain types of hazmat emergencies
Twenty four hour telephone numbers of responsible parties and site experts
Site of occupancy response capability
Frequent Hazmat accident locations
Trucking warehouses Ports Docks or piers Railroad sidings Airplane hangars Truck terminals
Bulk packaging must meet one of the following …
Maximum capacity is greater than 119 gallons (457 L) as a receptacle for a liquid
Maximum net mass is greater than 882 pounds (440 kg) or maximum capacity is greater than 119 gallons (457 L) as a receptacle for a solid
Water capacity is 1,001 pounds (500 kg) or greater as a receptacle for a gas
Non-bulk packaging
Smaller than the minimum criteria for Bulk Packaging
Drums, boxes, carboys, bags
Composite packages
Combination packaging (bottles of acid packed inside a cardboard box
Clues to Pressure Containers
Rounded, almost spherical ends Bolted manways Bolted protective housings Pressure relief devices Pressure gauges
Cryogen (Refrigerated Liquified Gas)
A gas that turns into a liquid at or below -130 degrees F (-90 degrees C) at 14.7 PSI
When released, cryogens …
… may transition from a liquid state to a vapor state.
May boil and turn into a much larger vapor cloud.
Vapor cloud may be flammable, toxic, corrosive, or an oxidizer.
Vapors can be extremely cold causing freeze burns
Cryogenic container clues
Liquid Oxygen (LOX) Nitrogen Helium Hydrogen Argon Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) Box-like loading and unloading stations attached to transportation containers
Liquid Container Identification
Flat (or less rounded) ends on tanks
Access hatches secured with easily removed latching devices
Low pressure rail tank cars may have multiple fittings visible on top
Intermodal, flexible intermediate bulk containers, and rigid intermediate bulk containers are designed to be stacked
Flexible bladders filled with fluids
Highway cargo tanks will have oval, upside down horseshoe shaped, or circular shaped ends with less rounding than pressure tanks
Many containers used to hold liquids …
… may also be used for solids, such as drums and bottles
Hazardous solids
Dusts
Powders
Small particles
Powder pesticide (toxic solid)
Boric acid and Sodium hydroxide (corrosive solid)
Dynamite (energy releasing solid)
Calcium carbide (releases a flammable gas when in contact with water/moisture)
Dust explosion
Small, airborne particles that burn such as ... Grain Flour Sugar Coal Metal Saw dust
Solid materials can also …
… engulf you, causing suffocation and/or crushing injuries.
Examples: soil, dirt, sand, and gravel
Also known as a “flowing” solid
Solid Container Clues
Transportation containers and systems designed for pneumatic loading and unloading
Open tops on hoppers, bins, or other containers, sometimes covered with tarps or plastic
V-shaped sloping sides wit bottom outlets
5 Basic Shipping Types for Radioactive Materials
- Excepted
- Industrial
- Type A
- Type B
- Type C
Excepted Shipping Type
Transportation of materials with extremely low levels of radioactivity that present no risk to the public or environment
Industrial Shipping Type
Container that retains and protects the contents during normal transportation activities such as laboratory samples and smoke detectors
Type A Shipping
Packages that must demonstrate their ability to withstand series of tests without releasing their contents
Type B Shipping
Packages must demonstrate their ability to withstand tests simulating normal shipping conditions, and the must also withstand severe accident conditions without releasing their contents
Type C Shipping
Very rare packages use for high-activity materials (including plutonium) transported by aircraft
Petrolium varieties …
… are transported across the US and Canada via pipelines
Marine vessels …
… transport over 90% of the world’s cargo
Tankers (marine)
Transport very large quantities of liquid products.Can carry different products in segregated tanks.
Petroleum carriers - transport crude or finished petroleum
Chemical carriers - transport many different chemical products
Liquified flammable gas carriers - transport liquified natural gas (LNG) and liquified petroleum gas (LPG)
Cargo Vessel
Bulk Carriers - liquids or solids
Break Bulk Carriers - variety of materials in different containers such as pallets, drums, bags, boxes, and crates
Container Vessels - cargo in standard intermodal containers with standard widths and varying heights and lengths
Roll-on/Roll-off Vessels - large stern and side ramp structures that are lowered to allow vehicles to be driven on and off the vessel
Barges - typically box shaped, flat decked vessels used for transporting cargo. Not self propelled, require pushing or towing
Transportation labels …
… are designed for non-bulk packages
Transportation placards …
… are designed for bulk packages
Nine Hazard Classes
- Explosives
- Gases
- Flammable liquids
- Flammable solids
- Oxidizers
- Toxic/Infectious
- Radioactive
- Corrosive
- Miscellaneous
Four Digit ID Number can be found …
… on placards, orange panels, transported via cargo tanks, portable tanks, tank cars, or other containers and packages. Must be displayed on bulk containers in one of three ways
Four Digit ID Number must be displayed on …
Rail tank cars
Cargo tank trucks
Portable tanks
Bulk packages
Table 1 materials, regardless of quantity
Certain non-bulk packages (poisonous gases in specified amounts)
The ERG provides a key to the four digit ID number …
… in the yellow bordered section
The ERG does not list numbers below …
… 1000
NA (North America) numbers range from …
NA8000 - NA9999
A material’s hazard class is indicated by …
… its class (or division) number or name
Placards can be found on …
Bulk packages Rail Tank Cars Cargo Tank vehicles Portable Tanks Unit load devices containing hazardous materials over 640 cubic feet (18 m3) in capacity Certain non-bulk containers
A placard is not required for shipments of …
… infectious substances, other regulated materials for domestic transport only, materials of trade, limited quantities, small quantity packages, radioactive materials (white label 1 or yellow label II), or combustible liquids in non-bulk packaging
Some private agriculture and military vehicles …
… may not have placards, even though they are carrying hazardous materials.
The hazard class or division number …
… corresponding to the primary or subsidiary hazard class of a material must be displayed in the lower corner of a placard
The DANGEROUS placard …
… mixed loads where the transport vehicle contains non-bulk packages with two or more categories of hazardous material that require different placards
Other than Class 7 or the DANGEROUS placard …
… text indicating a hazard is not required. Text may be omitted from the Oxygen placard only if the specific ID number is displayed
Containers may have placards …
… even though they appear “empty” until they are certified as “clean”
Class 7 Radioactive labels …
… must always display text
The toxic label is the primary label …
… while the flammable liquid label is the subsidiary label in containers with more than one hazard material
A Marking …
… is a descriptive name, an ID number, a weight, or a specification and includes instructions, cautions, or UN marks (or combination thereof) required on the outer packaging of hazardous materials
Molten aluminum is generally shipped …
… at temperatures above 1,300 F
DOT defines elevated temperature materials as …
… one that when offered for transportation or transported in bulk packaging has one of the following properties
Liquid phase at a temperature at or above 212 degrees F
Liquid phase with a flash point at or above 100 degrees F that is intentionally heated and offered for transportation or transported at or above its flash point
Solid phase at a temperature at or above 464 degrees F
Most Canadian transport placards …
… do not have any signal words written on them
Labels and markings may be in English and French
Canada requires unique placard for anhydrous ammonia and inhalation hazards
Radiation placard may have the four-digit UN number
Peligro (Spanish)
Danger
Multi-colored, diamond shape hazard warning
Blue - Health (9 o’clock)
Red - Flammability (12 o’clock)
Yellow - Instability (3 o’clock)
White - Special Hazards (6 o’clock)
Danger and Warning signs …
Danger - most severe hazard
Warning - less severe hazard
ANSI Color Code
Red - Danger or Stop; containers of flammable liquids, emergency stop bars, stop buttons, and fire protection equipment
Orange - Warning; energized equipment or hazardous machinery with parts that can crush or cut
Yellow - Caution; solid yellow, yellow and black stripes, or yellow and black checkers may be used to indicate physical hazards; also used on containers for corrosives or unstable materials
Green - safety equipment, first aid stations, safety showers, and exit routes
Blue - safety information signage such as labels or markings indicating the type of required PPE
ISHP
I = Identification number S = Proper Shipping name H = Hazard Class or Division P = Packing Group
