CH 2 Flashcards
An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest
antecedent
Refers to the fact that behavior is modified by its consequences regardless of the persons’s awareness
automaticity of reinforcement
In general, an unpleasant or noxious stimulus more technically, a stimulus change or condition that function (a) to evoke a behavior that has terminate it in the past; (b) as a punisher when presented following behavior, (c) as a reinforcer when withdrawn following behavior
aversive stimulus
The activity of living organisms; include everything that people do. How an organism interact with its environment.
behavior
A technologically consistent method for changing behavior derived from one ore more principles of behavior (differential reinforcement, response cost) generally across subjects, settings, and or behaviors to warrant its codification and dissemination
behavior change tactic
a previously neutral stimulus change that function as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more other punishers - learned punisher
conditioned punisher
a learned stimulus response based on a persons history of interactions with the environment
conditioned reflex
a stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers; sometimes called secondary or learned reinforcer
conditioned reinforcer
the stimulus component of a conditioned reflex- formally a neutral stimulus that elicits respondent behavior only after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus- learned
conditioned stimulus
gradually diminishing response strength
habituation
refers to dependent and or temporal relations between operant behavior and controlling variables
contingency
describes reinforcement or punishment that is delivered only after the target behavior has occurred
contingent
the state of an organism with respect to how much time has elapsed since it has consumed or contacted a particular type of reinforcement. Holding a persons access to reinforcer for a specific period of time
deprivation
a behavior that occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions than it does in others
discriminate operant
a stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforce in the absence of which the same type of response have occurred and not been reinforced.
discriminative stimulus
new stimuli can acquire the ability to elicit respondent
respondent conditioning
the discontinuation of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior; the primary effect is a decrease in the frequency of the behavior until it reaches are pre-reinforced level or ultimately ceases to occur
extinction
a stimulus change that does not elicit respondent behaviors- metronome did not increase dog salivations
neutral stimulus
development of a conditioned reflex by pairing of a NS with a CS- also known as secondary conditioning
higher order conditioning
the repertoire of behaviors each person brings to any situation has been selected, shaped, and maintained by his or her unique history of reinforcement
history of reinforcement
a environmental variable that can increase or decrease effectiveness of the consequence
motivating operation
after a behavior an already present stimulus is removed from the environment or reduced (usually adverse) the behavior frequency increases . Characterized to escape or avoid current contingencies
negative reinforcement
any behavior whose future frequency is determined primarily by its history of consequence.
operant behavior
the process and selective effects of consequence on behavior.
operant conditioning
natural selection in the evolution of a species
phylogeny
a stimulus change the decrease the future frequency of behavior that immediately proceeds it.
punisher
occurs with the stimulus change immediately follows a response and decreases future frequency of that type of behavior
punishment
after a behavior a new stimulus is added or increased and as a result the behavior occurs more often in the future
positive reinforcement
a statement describing a functional relation between behavior and one or more of its controlling variables with generality across organisms, species behaviors and time. An empirical generalization inferred from many experiments demonstrating the same functional relation
principle of behavior
a stimulus change the decrease the future frequency of behavior that immediately proceeds it.
punisher
a decrease in frequency of operant behavior presumed to be the result of continued contact with or consumption of a reinforcer that follows the behavior. It reduces the effects of the reinforcement- eating to much food- when food it reinforcer
satiation
a stimulus change that can increase the future frequency of behavior with out prior pairing with any other form of reinforcement
unconditioned reinforcer
Antecedent, behavior, consequence make up this. Is considered the basic unit of analysis when analyzing operant behavior.
three-term contingency
a stimulus change that can decrease the future frequency of a behavior that precedes it with out prior pairing with any other form of a punisher
unconditioned punisher
