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BIO201 Lecture > Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Molecules in Water(3)

A
  1. Hydrophilic
  2. Hydrophobic
  3. Amphipathic
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2
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving molecules that are easily coated and transported in water because they dissolve

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3
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Water hating molecules do NOT dissolve in water and are NOT easily transported.

They separate from water

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4
Q

Hydrophilic types

A

Polar molecules

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5
Q

Hydrophobic types

A

Non polar molecules
Lipids
Proteins
Amino acids

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6
Q

Amphipathic

A

Consists of 2 regions: one polar and one non-polar

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7
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Layered form of amphipathic molecule

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8
Q

Cell membrane

A

Is a phospholipid bilayer containing many different molecular components, including proteins and cholesterol, some with carbohydrate groups attached

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9
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Cell structure that defines the internal and external environments of the cell

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10
Q

Proteins of Plasma Membrane (2)

A
  1. Integral

2. Peripheral

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11
Q

Integral Protein

A

Span the length of the membrane

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12
Q

Peripheral Protein

A

Proteins found only on the inside or outside of the cell

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13
Q

List the Types of Membrane Proteins (6)

A 
Ion channel
Receptor
Linker
Transporter
Enzyme
Cell identity marker
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14
Q

Ion Channel (integral)

A

Allows specific ions to pass through the plasma membrane

  • the conformation of the channel has an opening that allows passage into the cell
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15
Q

Receptors (integral)

A

Involved in cellular communication and control

  • cell regulation and signaling
  • bind specific molecules called ligand which causes a change in conformation that results in an internal response in the cell
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16
Q

Transporter (lntegral)

A

Transports matter across the membrane

- molecules bind to the protein and modify its conformation which allows the substance to enter the cell

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17
Q

Enzyme (integral and peripheral)

A

Catalyzes a chemical reaction inside or outside the cell depending on which side the binding site is facing

18
Q

Linker (integral and peripheral)

A

Anchors filaments inside and outside the plasma membrane, providing structural stability and shape for the cell

19
Q

Cell Identity Marker (integral)

A

A glycoproteins

Used in cell identification and communication

20
Q

Type of Cell Junctions

A

Anchoring
Tight junction
Gap junction

21
Q

What are membrane junctions?

A

Specialized connections between adjacent cells

Involved specific proteins

22
Q

3 Main Types of Membrane Junctions

A

Desmosome
Tight junction
Gap junction

23
Q

Desmosome

A

Fibrous proteins that are synthesized by each cell extended out to the adjacent cell and LINK together

The cell membrane DO NOT TOUCH, allowing ECF to flow between connected cells

Holds cells in position

24
Q

Where are Desmosome found?

A

Located primarily in the epithelium cells and occasionally in muscle cells

25
Q

Tight junctions

A

Membrane proteins in both cells link tightly together

Prevent the movement of ECF BETWEEN THE CELLS

26
Q

Gap junctions

A

Ion Channels extend from each cell and link together across the extracellular space

Membranes of the cells DO NOT TOUCH, only the ion channels

Ions can flow from one cell to another

A form of electrical communication between cells

27
Q

Where are gap junctions found?

A

Located in muscle and nervous tissues

Allows for coordination of cells of the heart muscle

28
Q

Membrane Transport

A

The movement of substances across a membrane

29
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of a substance across a membrane down its concentration gradient

Diffusion ceases when equilibrium is reached across the membrane

30
Q

Types of Diffusion

A

Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Carrier mediated

31
Q

Simple diffusion

A

The substance can pass through the membrane without the help of a membrane protein

Occurs primarily with non polar molecules

32
Q

Examples of Simple Diffusion

A

Water
Gasses
Solids
Lipid soluble vitamins

33
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Requires transport membrane proteins or ion channel for the movement of polar substances across the membrane

34
Q

Examples of facilitated diffusion

A

Occurs with Ions and polar molecules such as glucose, amino acids, and proteins

35
Q

Channel mediated diffusion

A

An ion channel allows the substance to cross the membrane

Controls the diffusion of extracellular sodium into the cells and intercellular potassium out of cells

36
Q

Types of Ion Channels

A

Passive/leakage

Gated

37
Q

Passive/ leakage channel

A

Channel protein that is always open

38
Q

Gated channel

A

The confirmation of the channel protein has a “gate” that can change its shape and open or close the channel

39
Q

Carrier mediated channel

A

A transport protein in the membrane binds the substance being transported

Results in a change in transport protein conformation and move substances into or out of the cell

40
Q

Example of carrier mediated diffusion

A

Glucose

BIO201 Lecture (2 decks)

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