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A&P Exam 1 > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium ion

A

Most extracellular cation (+)

Most important in osmotic movement of water

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2
Q

Magnesium ion

A

Required for ATP

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3
Q

Chloride ion

A

Component of stomach acid

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4
Q

Potassium ion

A

Most common intercellular cation (+)

Function in pH balance

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5
Q

Calcium ion

A

Hardness of bone and teeth

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6
Q

Acid

A

Releases protons in solution

Dissociates in water to produce H+ and an anion

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7
Q

Base

A

Accepts protons or releases OH- into a solution

Decreases concentration of free H+

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8
Q

Buffer

A

Chemical system that resists drastic changes in pH

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9
Q

Neutrons

A

Mass of one atomic mass unit (amu)

No charge

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10
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in an atom of the element

Located above symbol name

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11
Q

Average atomic mass

A

Mass of protons and neutrons

Shown below elements symbol on the table

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12
Q

Isotopes

A

Different atoms of the same element

Same number of protons and electrons; different number of neutrons

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13
Q

Radioisotopes

A

Contain excess neutrons, unstable

Lose nuclear components in the form of high energy radiation

  • alpha particles
  • beta particles
  • gamma rays
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14
Q

Ionic compound

A

Composed of ions held together in a lattice by ionic bonds

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15
Q

Cation

A

Positive charge

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16
Q

Anion

A

Negative charge

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17
Q

Function of water

A

Transport
Lubricate
Cushion
Excrete wastes

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18
Q

Cohesion

A

Attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding

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19
Q

Surface tension

A

Inward pulling of cohesive forces at surface of water

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20
Q

Adhesion

A

Attraction between water molecules and a substance other than water

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21
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules within a substance

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22
Q

Specific heat

A

Amount of energy required to increase temp of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree

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23
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

Heat required for release of molecules from liquid to gas

Water value high because of hydrogen bonding

Sweating cools body

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24
Q

Solvent

A

Water

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25
Solute
Substances that dissolve in water
26
Solution
Mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another
27
Suspension
Substance is not dissolved and settles out unless mixture is constantly shaken Ex sand in water
28
Colloid
Substance does not dissolve but remains evenly distributed Ex blood plasma
29
Organic molecules
Contain carbon Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic acids Proteins
30
Four classes of lipids
Triglycerides Phospholipids Steroids Eicosanoids
31
Lipids
Not polymers Not water soluble Function as stored energy, cellular membrane components, hormones
32
Triglycerides
Most common form of lipid Long term energy storage in adipose tissue Structural support, cushioning, insulation Made up of fatty acids
33
Adipose tissue
Lipogenesis Lipolysis
34
Lipogenesis
Formation of triglycerides when conditions of excess nutrients exist
35
Lipolysis
Breakdown of triglycerides when nutrients are needed
36
Steroids
Cholesterol (animal plasma, steroid synthesis) Steroid hormones Bile salts
37
Glucose
Monosaccharide Primary nutrient supplying energy to cells Concentration must carefully maintained
38
Glycogen
When our bodies need glucose the pancreas secreted glucagon which signals the liver to breakdown the glycogen and release it into the blood glucose
39
Cellulose
Source of fiber Not digestible
40
Disaccharide
Sucrose Lactose Maltose
41
Polysaccharide
Glycogen: animals Starch and cellulose: plants
42
Nucleic acids
Store and transfer genetic info DNA and RNA
43
Nucleotide
Sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous base
44
Proteins
Catalysts Act as defense Transport Support Movement Regulation Storage
45
Primary structure
Linear sequence of amino acids
46
Conformation
3D shape of protein Crucial for protein function Dependent upon interactions between amino acids for proper folding and maintains conformation
47
Acid
Releases protons in solution Dissociates in water to produce H+ and an anion
48
Base
Accepts protons or releases OH- into a solution Decreases concentration of free H+
49
Buffer
Chemical system that resists drastic changes in pH
50
Neutrons
Mass of one atomic mass unit (amu) No charge
51
Atomic number
Number of protons in an atom of the element Located above symbol name
52
Average atomic mass
Mass of protons and neutrons Shown below elements symbol on the table
53
Isotopes
Different atoms of the same element Same number of protons and electrons; different number of neutrons
54
Radioisotopes
Contain excess neutrons, unstable Lose nuclear components in the form of high energy radiation - alpha particles - beta particles - gamma rays
55
Ionic compound
Composed of ions held together in a lattice by ionic bonds
56
Cation
Positive charge
57
Anion
Negative charge
58
Function of water
Transport Lubricate Cushion Excrete wastes
59
Cohesion
Attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding
60
Surface tension
Inward pulling of cohesive forces at surface of water
61
Adhesion
Attraction between water molecules and a substance other than water
62
Temperature
Measure of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules within a substance
63
Specific heat
Amount of energy required to increase temp of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree
64
Heat of vaporization
Heat required for release of molecules from liquid to gas Water value high because of hydrogen bonding Sweating cools body
65
Solvent
Water
66
Solute
Substances that dissolve in water
67
Solution
Mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another
68
Suspension
Substance is not dissolved and settles out unless mixture is constantly shaken Ex sand in water
69
Colloid
Substance does not dissolve but remains evenly distributed Ex blood plasma
70
Organic molecules
Contain carbon Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic acids Proteins
71
Four classes of lipids
Triglycerides Phospholipids Steroids Eicosanoids
72
Lipids
Not polymers Not water soluble Function as stored energy, cellular membrane components, hormones
73
Triglycerides
Most common form of lipid Long term energy storage in adipose tissue Structural support, cushioning, insulation Made up of fatty acids
74
Adipose tissue
Lipogenesis Lipolysis
75
Lipogenesis
Formation of triglycerides when conditions of excess nutrients exist
76
Lipolysis
Breakdown of triglycerides when nutrients are needed
77
Steroids
Cholesterol (animal plasma, steroid synthesis) Steroid hormones Bile salts
78
Glucose
Monosaccharide Primary nutrient supplying energy to cells Concentration must carefully maintained
79
Glycogen
When our bodies need glucose the pancreas secreted glucagon which signals the liver to breakdown the glycogen and release it into the blood glucose
80
Cellulose
Source of fiber Not digestible
81
Disaccharide
Sucrose Lactose Maltose
82
Polysaccharide
Glycogen: animals Starch and cellulose: plants
83
Nucleic acids
Store and transfer genetic info DNA and RNA
84
Nucleotide
Sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous base
85
Proteins
Catalysts Act as defense Transport Support Movement Regulation Storage
86
Primary structure
Linear sequence of amino acids
87
Conformation
3D shape of protein Crucial for protein function Dependent upon interactions between amino acids for proper folding and maintains conformation
88
Acid
Releases protons in solution Dissociates in water to produce H+ and an anion
89
Base
Accepts protons or releases OH- into a solution Decreases concentration of free H+
90
Buffer
Chemical system that resists drastic changes in pH
91
Neutrons
Mass of one atomic mass unit (amu) No charge
92
Atomic number
Number of protons in an atom of the element Located above symbol name
93
Average atomic mass
Mass of protons and neutrons Shown below elements symbol on the table
94
Isotopes
Different atoms of the same element Same number of protons and electrons; different number of neutrons
95
Radioisotopes
Contain excess neutrons, unstable Lose nuclear components in the form of high energy radiation - alpha particles - beta particles - gamma rays
96
Ionic compound
Composed of ions held together in a lattice by ionic bonds
97
Cation
Positive charge
98
Anion
Negative charge
99
Function of water
Transport Lubricate Cushion Excrete wastes
100
Cohesion
Attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding
101
Surface tension
Inward pulling of cohesive forces at surface of water
102
Adhesion
Attraction between water molecules and a substance other than water
103
Temperature
Measure of kinetic energy of atoms or molecules within a substance
104
Specific heat
Amount of energy required to increase temp of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree
105
Heat of vaporization
Heat required for release of molecules from liquid to gas Water value high because of hydrogen bonding Sweating cools body
106
Solvent
Water
107
Solute
Substances that dissolve in water
108
Solution
Mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another
109
Suspension
Substance is not dissolved and settles out unless mixture is constantly shaken Ex sand in water
110
Colloid
Substance does not dissolve but remains evenly distributed Ex blood plasma
111
Organic molecules
Contain carbon Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic acids Proteins
112
Four classes of lipids
Triglycerides Phospholipids Steroids Eicosanoids
113
Lipids
Not polymers Not water soluble Function as stored energy, cellular membrane components, hormones
114
Triglycerides
Most common form of lipid Long term energy storage in adipose tissue Structural support, cushioning, insulation Made up of fatty acids
115
Adipose tissue
Lipogenesis Lipolysis
116
Lipogenesis
Formation of triglycerides when conditions of excess nutrients exist
117
Lipolysis
Breakdown of triglycerides when nutrients are needed
118
Steroids
Cholesterol (animal plasma, steroid synthesis) Steroid hormones Bile salts
119
Glucose
Monosaccharide Primary nutrient supplying energy to cells Concentration must carefully maintained
120
Glycogen
When our bodies need glucose the pancreas secreted glucagon which signals the liver to breakdown the glycogen and release it into the blood glucose
121
Cellulose
Source of fiber Not digestible
122
Disaccharide
Sucrose Lactose Maltose
123
Polysaccharide
Glycogen: animals Starch and cellulose: plants
124
Nucleic acids
Store and transfer genetic info DNA and RNA
125
Nucleotide
Sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous base
126
Proteins
Catalysts Act as defense Transport Support Movement Regulation Storage
127
Primary structure
Linear sequence of amino acids
128
Conformation
3D shape of protein Crucial for protein function Dependent upon interactions between amino acids for proper folding and maintains conformation

A&P Exam 1 (6 decks)

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