ch. 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that occupies space and has a mass

Question 2

Kinetic Energy

Answer 2

energy that is actually doing work (moving things)

Question 3

Potential Energy

Answer 3

energy that is inactive or stored

Question 4

Chemical Energy

Answer 4

stored in the bonds of a chemical substance

Question 5

Electrical Energy

Answer 5

results from the movement of charged particles

Question 6

Mechanical Energy

Answer 6

directly involved in moving matter. (ex: your legs pedaling a bicycle)

Question 7

Radiant Energy

Answer 7

travels in waves, energy of the electromagnetic spectrum

Question 8

Element

Answer 8

a unique substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Question 9

Atom

Answer 9

the building block of an element, the smallest particle that still retains special properties

Question 10

Proton

Answer 10

within the atom, have a positive charge

Question 11

Neutron

Answer 11

neutral and uncharged

Question 12

Electron

Answer 12

contain a negative charge, equal in strength to the proton

Question 13

Molecule

Answer 13

a group of atoms bounded together

Question 14

Compound

Answer 14

a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together

Question 15

Chemical Reactions

Answer 15

process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance

Question 16

Valence Shell

Answer 16

the atom’s outermost shell

Question 17

Ionic Bonds

Answer 17

formed when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

Question 18

Ions

Answer 18

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

Question 19

Covalent Bonds

Answer 19

a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Question 20

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 20

a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.

Question 21

Synthesis Reactions

Answer 21

type of reaction in which multiple reactants combine to form a single product. Synthesis reactions release energy in the form of heat and light, so they are exothermic.

Question 22

Decomposition Reactions

Answer 22

Chemical decomposition, analysis or breakdown is the separation of a chemical compound into elements or simpler compounds. It is sometimes defined as the exact opposite of a chemical synthesis.

Question 23

Exchange Reactions

Answer 23

type of chemical reaction where two compounds react, and the positive ions (cation) and the negative ions (anion) of the two reactants switch places, forming two new compounds or products.May 5, 2015

Question 24

Inorganic Compound

Answer 24

a compound that is considered not “organic”. Inorganic compounds are traditionally viewed as being synthesized by the agency of geological systems. In contrast, organic compounds are found in biological systems.

Question 25

Organic Compound

Answer 25

An organic compound is any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon.

Question 26

Electrolytes

Answer 26

a liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis, e.g., that present in a battery.

Question 27

Carbohydrates

Answer 27

any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.

Question 28

Glucose

Answer 28

a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.

Question 29

Monosaccharide

Answer 29

any of the class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.

Question 30

Disaccharides

Answer 30

any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues.

Question 31

Polysaccharides

Answer 31

a carbohydrate (ex: starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.

Question 32

Lipids

Answer 32

any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

Question 33

Triglycerides

Answer 33

n ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups. Triglycerides are the main constituents of natural fats and oils, and high concentrations in the blood indicate an elevated risk of stroke.

Question 34

Phospholipids

Answer 34

a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule

Question 35

Steroids

Answer 35

any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms (three six-membered and one five). They include many hormones, alkaloids, and vitamins.

Question 36

Cholesterol

Answer 36

a compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues, including the blood and the nerves.

Question 37

Protein

Answer 37

any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms

Question 38

Amino Acids

Answer 38

a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl

Question 39

Enzymes

Answer 39

a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

Question 40

DNA

Answer 40

deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

Question 41

ATP

Answer 41

Adenosine triphosphate is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the “molecular unit of currency” of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism