ch. 2 Flashcards
Magna Carta
great Charter. Kings and queens had to obey English laws, couldn’t violate individual rights.
Petition of right
Required monarchs to obtain parliaments approval before levying new taxes and they couldn’t unlawfully imprison people, for citizens to house soldiers, or establish military rule during times of peace
English bill of rights
Monarchs couldn’t enact laws, raise taxes, or keep an army without parliaments consent. The document guaranteed parliament the privilege of free speech and protected people from cruel and usual punishment
Fundamental orders of Connecticut
A set of laws that limited the power of government and gave all free men the right to choose people to serve as judges
Proprietary colony
Was based on a grant of land by the English monarch to a proprietor, an individual or group who financed the start of a colony, represented the crown
Royal colonies
Directly controlled by the king through a Govenor. Had a two house legislature
Charter colonies
Operated under charters agreed to by the colony and King. Enjoyed most independence from crown
New England Confederation
Purpose was to defend against threats from Native Americans and from nearby Dutch colonies
Iroquois Confederation
Powerful alliance of six native American nations, mohawk Oneida, onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora
Albany plan of union
Called for a council of representatives appointed by the colonial assemblies and I president general appointed by the king
Stamp act
Parliaments first attempt to tax the colonists directly. Required a government tax stamp on paper goods and all legal documents, including contracts and licenses
First Continental Congress
The delegates sent George lll a document known as the declaration and resolves demanding a repeal of the intolerable acts, an end to British military occupation, and the power of the colonies to impose their own tax laws
Second Continental Congress
Make Continental Army, made George Washington Commander, sends olive branch petition pledging loyalty and begging parliament to repeal new measures
Virginia declaration of rights
All men are by nature equally free and independent and have certain inherent rights that cannot be denied. Inspired by John Locke mostly written by George mason
Articles of confederation
First national government. Look at notes
Ratified
Formally approved
Northwest ordinance
Established a plan for settling the northwest territory included Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Included Western lands
Shays rebellion
Farmers rebelled to keep land, militia stopped them. showed how flimsy the articles were
bicameral
two-chamber legislature called Parliament
Framers
Delegates to the constitution known for their efforts in drafting the framework of the new government
Virginia plan
Called for a central government divided into three branches legislative, executive, judicial, called for a strong national government.
New Jersey plan
Strong central government made up of three branches. Stick closer to the articles of confederation
Great compromise
Combined elements from both the Virginia and New Jersey plan. Bicameral legislature, house of representatives would be based on State population, Senate would have two members regardless of population
3/5 compromise
3/5 of the enslaved people in the states would be counted when determining the states population
