Ch 2

Question 1

Rights of pt; what is not a right?

Answer 1

Right to considerate and respectful care; Right to refuse medical treatment
Release of pt results in NOT an inherent right - @ discretion of physician

Question 2

Prep for CT Chest w/contrast

Answer 2

NPO 4hrs prior - reduces nausea, vomiting and possible aspiration of contrast

Question 3

Prothrombin time definition and average range

Answer 3

Evaluates coagulation ability for invasive procedure

Normal range: 11-15s

Question 4

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Answer 4

coagulation time of blood

Question 5

Normal platelet count for adults

Answer 5

140,000 - 440,000/mL of blood

Question 6

Normal respiration for children and adults

Answer 6

Children: 20-30 breaths per minute
Adults: 12-20 breaths per minute

Question 7

Average range for normal blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 7

5-20mg/dL

Question 8

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Answer 8

Rate that creatinine is cleared from bloodstream by renal system

Question 9

3 practices to obtain medical hx

Answer 9

open-ended question, encourage pts to provide max info, repeat @ summarize info to assure accuracy

Question 10

Define systole and types

Answer 10

Contraction of heart

2 types: atrial (contraction of LT/RT atria) and ventricular (contraction of LT/RT ventricles)

Question 11

Define complete cardiac diastole

Answer 11

Relaxation of heart muscle (relaxed LT/RT atria and ventricles)
2 types: atrial and ventricular
Indicated by T wave of electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 12

When is the best time of image heart for least motion artifact?

Answer 12

Diastolic phase

Question 13

Normal GFR for women and men

Answer 13

Women: 60 + or - 10mL/min/m2
Men: 70 + or - 14mL/min/m2

Question 14

Coumadin (Warfarin)

Answer 14

anticoagulant that prevents blood clots; reduces heart attack and stroke

Question 15

2 advantages of auto injectors over manual bolus injections

Answer 15

Increased tissue enhancement (due to faster injection time) and uniform administration of contrast over length of study

Question 16

Parenteral contrast definition and 5 types

Answer 16

Injection of contrast into bloodstream

5 types: intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal. intrathecal

Question 17

Osmolality purpose in CT

Answer 17

Measures # of particles per kg of water; Determines potential for adverse reactions

Question 18

Ionic contrast osmolality

Answer 18

Ionic contrast dissolves into large # of particles: 1000-2400 mOsm/kg

Question 19

Symptoms of vagal reaction

Answer 19

Bradycardia (heartrate -50bpm), hypotension (systolic pressure -80mm/Hg)

Question 20

What treats urticaria (hives)?

Answer 20

Antihistamines

Question 21

Define osmolality

Answer 21

Propensity of agent to cause fluid from outside blood vessel (extravascular space) to move into blood stream (intravascular space)

Question 22

Blood plasma half life of iodine contrast

Answer 22

2hrs

Question 23

What three factors would be affected with a decrease in pt dose?

Answer 23

Decreased mAs, decreased kVp and increased pitch

Question 24

What are the four stages of infection?

Answer 24

Incubation (pathogen enters host), prodromal (appearance of signs and symptoms), active/full stage (max appearance of signs and symtoms), convalescence (symptoms diminish and may eventually subside)

Question 25

Other names for strict isolation

Answer 25

Protective or reverse isolation

Question 26

What is strict isolation for?

Answer 26

Used for patients w/risk of infection due to immunosuppresion or other debilatative disease

Question 27

What is a vasovagal reaction?

Answer 27

Systemic hypertension that leads to cerebral ischemia

Question 28

Mild & moderate reactions

Answer 28

Mild: nausea, mild urticaria, warm flushed feeling; Moderate: dyspnea

Question 29

What has lower osmolality: ionic or nonionic?

Answer 29

Nonionic

Question 30

What contrast separates into independent charged particles and what are these charged particles called?

Answer 30

Ionic contrasts separate into charged particles called anions and cations

Question 31

How are vagal reactions treated?

Answer 31

Increasing blood pressure and atropine to block vagal stimulation of heart

Question 32

Time before pts can resume breastfeeding after IV contrast

Answer 32

12-24hrs

Question 33

How is mAs and pt dose related?

Answer 33

Directly and proportionally related

Question 34

What is effective dose?

Answer 34

Relative risk from exposure to ionizing radiation and based on radiosensitivity of tissue; measured in sieverts (Sv)