Ch. 2&4

Question 0

Energy is stored in cells as

Answer 0

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 1

Nutrients used for energy

Answer 1

Carbs
Fat
Protein

Question 2

At rest, the body uses

Answer 2

Fats and carbs

Question 3

During intense short duration work outs, the body uses

Answer 3

Carbs

Question 4

Longer and less intense exercise uses

Answer 4

Carbs and fat

Question 5

All dietary carbs are converted to

Answer 5

Glucose

Question 6

Glucose is taken up by

Answer 6

Muscles and liver and stored as glycogen

Question 7

Glycolysis

Answer 7

Breakdown of glucose; anaerobic (glycolytic) or aerobic (oxidative)

Question 8

Glycogenesis

Answer 8

Glycogen is synthesized from glucose to be stored in the liver or muscle

Question 9

Glycogenolysis

Answer 9

Glycogen is broken down into glucose-1-phosphate to be used for energy production.

Question 10

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 10

The making of glucose from a non CHO source (like fat or protein)

Question 11

Fat is stored as

Answer 11

triglycerides and must be broken down into free fatty acids to be used in metabolism

Question 12

Protein can be used as energy after being converted to glucose via

Answer 12

Gluconeogenesis

Question 13

Proteins can generate FFAs during starvation through

Answer 13

Lipogenesis

Question 14

ATP is generated through 3 energy systems

Answer 14

ATP-PCr (15 sec)
Glycolytic (15 sec-2 min)
Oxidative (2+ min)

Question 15

ATP-PCr System

Answer 15

ATP and PCr are released to sustain the muscle’s energy. PCr is used to synthesize ATP, so it is dependent. This occurs in the cytoplasm (1 mole ATP: 1 mole PCr)

Question 16

Glycolytic System

Answer 16

Breaks down glycogen to lactic acid, producing ATP, without oxygen. 3 moles of ATP from 1 mole glycogen and 2 ATP from 1 glucose

Question 17

Oxidative system

Answer 17

Uses oxygen to produce ATP in the mitochondria.it is slow to turn on but produces more energy. Includes the Krebs cycle and the ETC

Question 18

Oxidation of Carbs

Answer 18

Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted to acetyl CoA, which then enters the Krebs cycle and for 2 ATP

Question 19

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 19

Produced H+ which are recombined with O to produce water. Elections produced provide energy to convert ADP to ATP. One molecule of glycogen can generate 37-39 molecules of ATP

Question 20

Oxidation of fat

Answer 20

Lipomas is forms glycerol and FFAs. FFAs travel to muscles and are broken down I to acetic acid which is converted to acetyl CoA through beta oxidation

Question 21

Oxidation of protein

Answer 21

some amino acids can be converted into glucose, while the nitrogen is converted to urea

Question 22

Steroid hormones

Answer 22

Formed from cholesterol. Lipid soluble. Capable of direct gene activation. Diffuse across cell membrane.
Ex. Cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, testosterone

Question 23

Nonsteroid hormones

Answer 23

Formed from proteins. Not lipid soluble. Triggers intercellular events.
Ex. Thyroxine and epinephrine

Question 24

Lipolysis is hormonally controlled by

Answer 24

Decreased insulin

Increased epinephrine, cortisol, GH

Question 25

Fluid and electrolyte regulation

Answer 25

ADH, aldosterone, and renin

Question 26

ADH

Answer 26

Released from posterior pituitary, promotes water retention

Question 27

Aldosterone

Answer 27

Produced in adrenal glands, promotes renal reabsorption of sodium

Question 28

Kidneys

Answer 28

Influence maintenance of plasma volume and blood pressure regulation through release if renin