Ch. 2 Flashcards
Smallest unit of matter
atom
interaction atoms in different combination
molecule
Atomic #- 1
Atomic Wt - 1
H - Hydrogen
Number is protons is the Atomic ______
atomic number
Number of protons plus neutrons is the Atomic _____
weight
Atomic #- 6
Atomic Wt- 12
C - Carbon
Atomic #- 7
Atomic Wt- 14
N- Nitrogen
Atomic #- 8
Atomic Wt- 16
O- Oxygen
Atomic #- 11
Atomic Wt- 23
Na- Sodium
Atomic #- 17
Atomic Wt- 35
Cl- Chlorine
First electron shell can contain a max of ___ electrons.
2
2nd and 3rd electron shells can contain a max of ____ electrons.
8
4th - 6th electron shells can contain a max of ___ electrons.
18
Bond that gains or looses electrons.
Ionic Bonds. Moderate bond. (these are crystals) Ions attract each other by + and - forces.
Sodium chlorine (NaCl) is an example of an _____ bond
Ionic bond
Bond that shares electrons in outer shells
Covalent bond. strongest bond. These are gases.
H2, o2, N2, and Methane gases are what type of bond?
Covalent bond (Carbon is very important)
Weakest bond. Polar. One end slightly negative, one end slightly positive
Hydrogen Bond (water)
Endergonic reactions ____ energy
requires (anabolism or synthesis)
Exergonic reactions _____ energy
release (decomposition or catabolism)
What type of reaction. Bond formation
A + B —–> AB
ex) glucose + fructose —–> sucrose
Synthetic reaction - dehydration and anabolism
*spends energy
What type of reaction.
AB—–> A + B
Decomposition reaction
- breaks bond, hydrolysis, catabolism
- releases energy
What type of reaction.
AB + CD —-> AD + BC
Na0 +HCl —> NaCl + H2o
Exchange reaction. Recombination.
What type of reaction?
A+B —–> AB
A+B
Reversible reaction. ALL LIVING CELL REACTIONS ARE REVERSIBLE
List the 4 macromolecules
- Carbohydrates _ Can produce ATP
- Lipids_ can produce ATP
- Proteins _can produce ATP
- Nucleic acid
simple lipids are made of
1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
phosolipids are made of
1 glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate
Phosolipids are found in
cell membrane… lipid bilayer
A to T
G to C
DNA
A to U
G to C
RNA
Name a cell wall-less bacteria
Mycoplasma
Water (H2O), Oxygen (O2), and Carbon dioxide (CO2) are ______ compounds.
Inorganic
acids, bases, salts
Inorganic compounds _____ carbon
lack
Proteins in nature
enzymes
pH is measurement of the concentration of ____
Hydrogen
Protein structure denotes function… Can be _____ and _____
Enzymes and toxins
Source of energy. “Energy currency”
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
Energy of ATP resides in _______
the 3rd phosphate bond. When the bond is broken energy is released.
