Ch. 2

Question 1

Smallest unit of matter

Answer 1

atom

Question 2

interaction atoms in different combination

Answer 2

molecule

Question 3

Atomic #- 1

Atomic Wt - 1

Answer 3

H - Hydrogen

Question 4

Number is protons is the Atomic ______

Answer 4

atomic number

Question 5

Number of protons plus neutrons is the Atomic _____

Answer 5

weight

Question 6

Atomic #- 6

Atomic Wt- 12

Answer 6

C - Carbon

Question 7

Atomic #- 7

Atomic Wt- 14

Answer 7

N- Nitrogen

Question 8

Atomic #- 8

Atomic Wt- 16

Answer 8

O- Oxygen

Question 9

Atomic #- 11

Atomic Wt- 23

Answer 9

Na- Sodium

Question 10

Atomic #- 17

Atomic Wt- 35

Answer 10

Cl- Chlorine

Question 11

First electron shell can contain a max of ___ electrons.

Answer 11

2

Question 12

2nd and 3rd electron shells can contain a max of ____ electrons.

Answer 12

8

Question 13

4th - 6th electron shells can contain a max of ___ electrons.

Answer 13

18

Question 14

Bond that gains or looses electrons.

Answer 14

Ionic Bonds. Moderate bond. (these are crystals) Ions attract each other by + and - forces.

Question 15

Sodium chlorine (NaCl) is an example of an _____ bond

Answer 15

Ionic bond

Question 16

Bond that shares electrons in outer shells

Answer 16

Covalent bond. strongest bond. These are gases.

Question 17

H2, o2, N2, and Methane gases are what type of bond?

Answer 17

Covalent bond (Carbon is very important)

Question 18

Weakest bond. Polar. One end slightly negative, one end slightly positive

Answer 18

Hydrogen Bond (water)

Question 19

Endergonic reactions ____ energy

Answer 19

requires (anabolism or synthesis)

Question 20

Exergonic reactions _____ energy

Answer 20

release (decomposition or catabolism)

Question 21

What type of reaction. Bond formation
A + B —–> AB
ex) glucose + fructose —–> sucrose

Answer 21

Synthetic reaction - dehydration and anabolism

*spends energy

Question 22

What type of reaction.

AB—–> A + B

Answer 22

Decomposition reaction

• breaks bond, hydrolysis, catabolism
• releases energy

Question 23

What type of reaction.
AB + CD —-> AD + BC
Na0 +HCl —> NaCl + H2o

Answer 23

Exchange reaction. Recombination.

Question 24

What type of reaction?
A+B —–> AB
A+B

Answer 24

Reversible reaction. ALL LIVING CELL REACTIONS ARE REVERSIBLE

Question 25

List the 4 macromolecules

Answer 25

1. Carbohydrates _ Can produce ATP
2. Lipids_ can produce ATP
3. Proteins _can produce ATP
4. Nucleic acid

Question 26

simple lipids are made of

Answer 26

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 27

phosolipids are made of

Answer 27

1 glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate

Question 28

Phosolipids are found in

Answer 28

cell membrane… lipid bilayer

Question 29

A to T

G to C

Answer 29

DNA

Question 30

A to U

G to C

Answer 30

RNA

Question 31

Name a cell wall-less bacteria

Answer 31

Mycoplasma

Question 32

Water (H2O), Oxygen (O2), and Carbon dioxide (CO2) are ______ compounds.

Answer 32

Inorganic

acids, bases, salts

Question 33

Inorganic compounds _____ carbon

Answer 33

lack

Question 34

Proteins in nature

Answer 34

enzymes

Question 35

pH is measurement of the concentration of ____

Answer 35

Hydrogen

Question 36

Protein structure denotes function… Can be _____ and _____

Answer 36

Enzymes and toxins

Question 37

Source of energy. “Energy currency”

Answer 37

ATP Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 38

Energy of ATP resides in _______

Answer 38

the 3rd phosphate bond. When the bond is broken energy is released.