Ch. 2

Question 0

R-Strategists

Answer 0

• High variability in population number and never reach carrying capacity
• small organisms exploit unstable environments
• short life span, many offspring–>high rates of mortality among young
• population is held in check by density-independent limiting factors
• population #’s are always fluctuating

Question 1

Thomas Malthus

Answer 1

• 1st to think critically about human population
• 1789
• believed human population increased geometrically
• population would outgrow supply—>humans begin to die
• wars, famine, plagues, natural disasters are natural and necessary to control human population
• attacked for his negativity

Question 2

K-Strategists

Answer 2

• Organisms that reach stable population at the carrying capacity
• Large organisms
• Occupy stable environments
• Long lives, few offspring—>large energy investment in offspring
• Offspring have high chance of survival
• K’s are generally controlled by density-dependent factors

Question 3

Slow growth, few births

Answer 3

Lag phase

Question 4

Population will continue to grow as long as the birthrate exceeds the deaths rate

Answer 4

Exponential Growth Phase

Question 5

Birthrate and death rate become equal, equilibrium is established (Stable Equilibrium Rate)

Answer 5

Deceleration Phase

Question 6

Each species has a…

Answer 6

Biotic potential

Question 7

All species have a tendency to…..?

Answer 7

Increase in population size

Question 8

Misconception 1.) individuals adapt and evolve to suit their environment

Answer 8

Correct statement: species evolve, not individuals. It is the genes that are passed down from the species that survive

Question 9

Misconception 2.) humans have evolved from monkeys/apes and primates

Answer 9

Correct statement: humans and primates have a common ancestor

Question 10

Misconception 3.) evolution has “solved” the origin of life

Answer 10

Correct statement: No one knows the origin of life

Question 11

Misconception 4.) Evolution is a “theory”, so that means it’s a hypothesis

Answer 11

A theory is a tested proposition

Question 12

Misconception 5.) Evolution justifies evil practices like eugenics, social Darwinism, and racism

Answer 12

Correct statement: people use evolution to justify evil practices

Question 13

What are the major factors that determine family size?

Answer 13

Status and desires of women

Question 14

Factors that influence population growth in developing countries:

Answer 14

• Early marriage, high fertility
• Birth control
• Economic benefits of many children
• Free/low cost contraceptives

Question 15

Factors that influence population growth in developed countries:

Answer 15

• marriage delayed for careers
• less desire for larger families
• economic disadvantages to having many children
• paid maternity leave, guaranteed job, tax breaks

Question 16

Natality- birthrate

Answer 16

• # of individuals added to the population through reproduction over a period of time
• can be through asexual or sexual reproduction
• in humans, birthrate is described mathematically as the # of individuals born per 1000 individuals per year