Ch. 2

Question 1

Federalism

Answer 1

a system of government in which power is divided, by a constitution, between a central government and regional governments. (page 41)

Question 2

Sovereign

Answer 2

possessing supreme political authority within a geographic area. (page 41)

Question 3

Dual federalism

Answer 3

the system of government that prevailed in the United States from 1789 to 1937, in which most fundamental governmental powers were strictly separated between the federal and state governments. (page 42)

Question 4

Layer-cake federalism

Answer 4

a way of describing the system of dual federalism where there is no interaction between the levels of government. (page 42)

Question 5

Cooperative federalism

Answer 5

a type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used to encourage states and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals. Also known as ‘intergovernmental cooperation.’ (page 42)

Question 6

Marble-cake federalism

Answer 6

a way of describing cooperative federalism where there is interaction between the levels of government. (page 43)

Question 7

New Federalism

Answer 7

attempts by Presidents Nixon and Reagan to return power to the states through block grants. (page 43)

Question 8

Block grants

Answer 8

federal grants that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds are spent. (page 43)

Question 9

Coercive federalism

Answer 9

federal governmental efforts to accomplish national policy goals by preempting state power, forcing states to change their policies, and forcing the expenditure of money by states without compensation by the national government. (page 43)

Question 10

Federal System

Answer 10

The division of power across the local, state, and national levels of government.

Question 11

Sovereignty

Answer 11

The national and state government each have some degree of authority and autonomy.

Question 12

National Supremacy Clause

Answer 12

The Supremacy Clause is the provision in Article Six, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution that establishes the United States Constitution, federal statutes, and treaties as “the supreme law of the land.”

Question 13

Article 1, Section 8

Answer 13

Federal powers

Question 14

Amendment 10

Answer 14

State powers (reserve)

Question 15

Police Powers

Answer 15

State power to regulate the conduct of individuals

Question 16

Local Governments & Dillon’s Rule

Answer 16

If there is a question about a local government’s power or authority, then the local government does NOT receive the benefit of the doubt. Under Dillon’s Rule, one must assume the local government does NOT have the power in question.

Question 17

Equal Protection Clause of Amendment 14

Answer 17

The Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment of the U.S. Constitution prohibits states from denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Question 18

Due Process Clause of Amendment 14

Answer 18

No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Question 19

Bill of Rights

Answer 19

The first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship.