Ch 2 Flashcards
Ways to measure behavior
Errors Intensity Speed Latency Rate Fluency
Parsimony
Simplest answer is often the best
Errors
More errors means less learning and vice versa
Intensity
Physical effort with which a behavior is performed
Deliberate changes in intensity are considered strong indicators of learning
Speed
how fast it takes a learner to perform a behavior
the faster the better
Latency
how long it takes to start a behavior
shorter latency means better learning
Rate
number of behaviors occurs in a set period of time
more than baseline means better
Fluency
combo of errors and rate
anecdote
first/second hand account of personal experience
Advantages: science stays in popular wisdom
Disadvantage: unrealiable, subjective biased, not generalizable
Case Studies
examination of a particular individual in great depth
Descriptive Studies
surveys, questionnaires, and interviews
Experiments
data collection method one or more variables measured
Between-subjects experiment
one individual only participates in one of the conditions of experiment
Matched Sampling
background info and split by having experiments in other groups
Within Subjects
have participants in both groups
Single Stimulus Learning
When exposed to stimulus, you learn
if keeps happening, behavior will continue to change
Habituation
decrease in the vigor or intensity of a behavior
Sensization
an increase in responsively of a behavior
Inter stimulus interval
amt of time between exposure of stimulate with habituation
less time the quicker the habituation
Dishabituation
Adding a second stimuli will increase attention
Conditioned Stimulus
Neutral
Conditioned Response
after Unconditioned Stimulus is removed
4 Ways of Classical Conditioning
Trace, Delayed, Simultaneous, Backward
Trace
CS+US
Delayed
CS presented while US presented
Simultaneous
at the same time
Backward
US then CS
Contiguity
closeness in time and or space of two events or items
Contingency
extent to which one even is consistently associated with another event
Overshadowing
when given two potential CS, only one will become effective (one more novel)
Latent Inhibition
lower contingencies
Blocking
Simultaneous presentation of 2 CS
Sensory Preconditioning
CS can elicit the CR with out being directly paired with US
Extinction
eventually death of CS-UR with out US
Still learning a new association though
Spontaneous Recovery
this is how we know Classical Conditioning is Learning
Stimulus Substitution Theory
Conditioned Stimulus just a sub for Unconditioned
Does not explain that CR is not always UR
Preparatory and Compensatory Response Theory
UR and CR are ways of changing to the environment
Rescorla Wagner Model
predicts how much is learned with each trial
Little Albert
Gaining fear through CC
Counterconditioning
getting rid of phobias
Systemic Desensitization
1) Create a fear hierarchy
2) Practice and learn relaxation techniques
3) Exposure to fear followed by relaxation
4) Move up hierarchy and relaxation
Flooding
exposure to the worst and must calm down
Paraphilias
sexual pleasure from society undimmed things
Aversion therapy
pair pleasurable with terrible
