Ch 2

Question 0

Physiologic atrophy occurs with

Answer 0

Early development

Question 1

Atrophy is a decrease in

Answer 1

Cellular size

Question 2

This type of atrophy occurs as a result of decrease in workload, use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation

Answer 2

Pathologic atrophy

Question 3

Aging causes brain cells and endocrine dependent organs to become

Answer 3

Atrophic

Question 4

An increase in the size of cells by increased work demands or hormonal stimulation

Answer 4

Hyper trophy

Question 5

Increase in the number of cells caused by an increased rate of cellular division

Answer 5

Hyperplasia

Question 6

This process enables certain organs to regenerate

Answer 6

Compensatory hyperplasia

Question 7

This process is stimulated by hormones to replace lost tissue or support new growth such as in pregnancy

Answer 7

Hormonal hyperplasia

Question 8

Abnormal proliferation of normal cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation of growth factors

Answer 8

Pathologic hyperplasia

Question 9

Abnormal change in the size, shape, and organization of mature tissue cells

Answer 9

Dysplasia

Question 10

Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type

Answer 10

Metaplasia

Question 11

What is the most common cause of hypoxia

Answer 11

Ischemia

Question 12

This can cause activation of protein kinases, activation of phospholipases, membrane damage, and damage of the cytoskeleton

Answer 12

Free calcium in the cytosol

Question 13

The sum of changes after local cell death, includes inflammation and cellular lysis

Answer 13

Necrosis

Question 14

Tissue necrosis caused by hypoxia and subsequent bacterial invasion

Answer 14

Gangrene

Question 15

A process of selective cellular self destruction called programmed cell death

Answer 15

Apoptosis

Question 16

A reduction in what causes the plasma membranes sodium-potassium pump and sodium-calcium exchange to fail, leading to intracellular accumulation of sodium and calcium and diffusion of potassium out of the cell.

Answer 16

ATP

Question 17

Plays a major role in initiation and progression of cardiovascular alterations like hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and chronic heart failure

Answer 17

Free radicals

Question 18

The organ systems primarily affected by lead include what? (3)

Answer 18

Nervous system
Kidneys
Hematopoietic system

Question 19

This heavy metal is able to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and become a calcium substitute

Answer 19

Lead

Question 20

Inhibits several enzymes involved in hemoglobin synthesis

Answer 20

Lead

Question 21

A significant manifestation of lead toxicity is

Answer 21

Anemia

Question 22

Carbon monoxide causes ultimate injury by

Answer 22

Oxygen deprivation

Question 23

Binds to hemoglobin, blocking oxygen from doing so

Answer 23

Carbon monoxide

Question 24

Collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain resulting from shearing of small veins that bridge the subdural space

Answer 24

Subdural hematoma

Question 25

Collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the dura caused by a torn artery

Answer 25

Epidural hematoma

Question 26

Occurs when sufficient salt and water loss results in hemoconcentration

Answer 26

Heat exhaustion