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336 > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Physiologic atrophy occurs with

A

Early development

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1
Q

Atrophy is a decrease in

A

Cellular size

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2
Q

This type of atrophy occurs as a result of decrease in workload, use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation

A

Pathologic atrophy

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3
Q

Aging causes brain cells and endocrine dependent organs to become

A

Atrophic

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4
Q

An increase in the size of cells by increased work demands or hormonal stimulation

A

Hyper trophy

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5
Q

Increase in the number of cells caused by an increased rate of cellular division

A

Hyperplasia

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6
Q

This process enables certain organs to regenerate

A

Compensatory hyperplasia

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7
Q

This process is stimulated by hormones to replace lost tissue or support new growth such as in pregnancy

A

Hormonal hyperplasia

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8
Q

Abnormal proliferation of normal cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation of growth factors

A

Pathologic hyperplasia

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9
Q

Abnormal change in the size, shape, and organization of mature tissue cells

A

Dysplasia

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10
Q

Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type

A

Metaplasia

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of hypoxia

A

Ischemia

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12
Q

This can cause activation of protein kinases, activation of phospholipases, membrane damage, and damage of the cytoskeleton

A

Free calcium in the cytosol

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13
Q

The sum of changes after local cell death, includes inflammation and cellular lysis

A

Necrosis

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14
Q

Tissue necrosis caused by hypoxia and subsequent bacterial invasion

A

Gangrene

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15
Q

A process of selective cellular self destruction called programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

16
Q

A reduction in what causes the plasma membranes sodium-potassium pump and sodium-calcium exchange to fail, leading to intracellular accumulation of sodium and calcium and diffusion of potassium out of the cell.

A

ATP

17
Q

Plays a major role in initiation and progression of cardiovascular alterations like hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and chronic heart failure

A

Free radicals

18
Q

The organ systems primarily affected by lead include what? (3)

A

Nervous system
Kidneys
Hematopoietic system

19
Q

This heavy metal is able to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and become a calcium substitute

A

Lead

20
Q

Inhibits several enzymes involved in hemoglobin synthesis

A

Lead

21
Q

A significant manifestation of lead toxicity is

A

Anemia

22
Q

Carbon monoxide causes ultimate injury by

A

Oxygen deprivation

23
Q

Binds to hemoglobin, blocking oxygen from doing so

A

Carbon monoxide

24
Q

Collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain resulting from shearing of small veins that bridge the subdural space

A

Subdural hematoma

25
Q

Collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the dura caused by a torn artery

A

Epidural hematoma

26
Q

Occurs when sufficient salt and water loss results in hemoconcentration

A

Heat exhaustion

336 (2 decks)

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