CH 2 Flashcards
What is the historical development of management through the early 1900s until the present?
people and work processes were viewed as separate parts of an organization.
now, there’s a greater understanding of the fact that an organization is made up of interrelated parts
What are the 3 historical and contemporary viewpoints?
historical
1. classical –> efficiency
2. behavioral –> understanding human behavior
3. quantitative –> applying quantitative techniques in mgmt
contemporary
1. systems –> viewing the organization as interrelated parts, that work together to achieve a common purpose
2. contingency –> manager’s approach should vary
3. quality-mgmt –>
What is scientific management?
Emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers
Taylor –> motion studies and differential rate system
Gilbreths –> reinforce link between motion and efficiency with cameras
What is evidence based management?
Translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, and bringing rationality to the decision making process
What is the contingency viewpoint theory?
Emphasize that a managers approach should vary according to, that is, be contingent on the individual and the environmental situation
What is the open system theory?
It means that an organization continually interacts with its environment
What is theory X vs theory Y management?
Theory X –> negative view of workers
↳ workers seen as irresponsible, resistant to change, they need to be constantly monitored
ex: amazon, kroger, ups
Theory Y –> positive view of workers
↳ workers are capable of responsibility, having self-direction and self-control
ex: target
What is the Hawthorne effect?
Employees worked harder if they received added attention, and thought that managers cared about their welfare and that supervisors paid special attention to them
Who were the pioneers of early behaviorism and what were their ideas?
Follett
- Organizations should operate as communities
- Conflicts should be resolved through a process called integration
- Work process should be under the control of workers with relevant knowledge
Mayo
Hawthorne Effect
Who are the pioneers of the human relations movement and what were their ideas?
Maslow –> hierarchy of needs
(physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization)
McGregor –> Theory X and Theory Y
What is a behavioral science approach?
It relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers
What is management science and operations management?
Management science is when you use mathematics to aid in problem-solving and decision-making
Operations management focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization’s products or services more effectively
What is the systems view of management?
It’s views organizations as either a close or open system
it regards the organization as a system of interrelated parts
What is a system?
A set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose
What are subsystems?
Parts making up the whole system, like gears in a clock
What is a closed system?
Has little interaction with its environment; that is, it focuses exclusively on the organization’s inner workings
What is an open system?
It continually interacts with its environment
What is synergy?
The idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects, as when a guitarist, drummer, and bassist combine to play a better version of a song than any of them would playing alone
What is complexity theory?
It’s the study of how order and pattern arise from very complicated, apparently chaotic system
Recognizes that all complex systems are networks of many
interdependent parts that interact with each other according to certain simple rules.
