Ch 2 Flashcards
Humanistic theory emerged in the 1950s as a(n):
1) complement to the behavioral and psychodynamic theories.
2) elaboration on the behavioral and psychodynamic theories.
3) backlash against the behavioral and psychodynamic theories.
4) supplement to the behavioral and psychodynamic theories.
3
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one’s identity in terms of the groups to which one belongs rather than individual achievements are characteristics of the cultural value of:
- collectivism.
- narcissism.
- individualism.
- conspicuous consumption.
1
Elias dislikes the sound his car makes when he drives without his seat belt on, so he puts it on in order to get it to stop. In this situation, Elias’s behavior of driving without his seat belt on has been:
1. extinguished.
2. discriminated.
3. positively reinforced.
4. negatively reinforced.
4
The idea that personality traits have reproductive payoffs, such as extraversion being higher in those with greater physical attractiveness, complies with the:
1. behavioral view.
2. humanistic view.
3. neurological view.
4. Evolutionary view.
4
Marta is a researcher who is interested in studying Big Five personality traits. Which of the following would they be most likely to study?
1.neuroticism and intelligence
2.openness to experience and intelligence
3.neuroticism and openness to experience
4.neuroticism, openness to experience, and fortitude
2.
Emma likes to post flattering photos of her body on her Facebook page. She believes that cheating on a test is okay because she is smarter than other students. When her friends comment on her behavior, she gets very angry. Emma’s behavior is most likely that of:
1. a narcissist.
2. someone with low self-esteem.
3. someone who will be unlikely to use cosmetic surgery.
4. a sensation seeker.
1
In psychoanalytic theory, the personality component that operates according to the pleasure principle is the:
1. id.
2. ego.
3. superego.
4. superid.
1
Suppose you were interested in learning more about how the trait of extraversion is adaptive and relevant in the broader scheme of life. Which of following research questions would be most related to evolutionary psychology?
1. Is extraversion reinforced in early childhood?
2. How does extraversion contribute to mating?
3. Is extraversion related to mental illness?
2
The most influential model of perfectionism asserts that it has three dimensions, including:
1.internalized perfectionism, externalized perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfectionism.
2. self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfectionism.
3. congruent perfectionism, incongruent perfectionism, and other-oriented perfectionism.
4. narcissistic perfectionism, conscientious perfectionism, and agreeable perfectionism.
2
Which of the following individuals is credited with discovering classical conditioning?
1. Carl Rogers
2.Ivan Pavlov
3. Sigmund Freud
4. Abraham Maslow
2
Which of the following fields views behaviors in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations?
1. social learning psychology
2. behavioral genetics
3. behavioral neuroscience
4. evolutionary psychology
4
A critic of the behavioral perspectives would most likely point out that these perspectives:
1. have very little backing in empirical research.
2. do not provide any explanation why people are only moderately consistent in their behavior.
3. may overstep in the conclusions that can be drawn about humans from animal research.
3
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is based on the idea that:
1. many drives are learned through observation.
2. perceived needs are a function of self-concept.
3. some needs are more basic than others.
4. most needs are a reaction to unconscious anxiety.
3
Shrewd, timid, and self-assured are all adjectives that can be used to represent:
1. personality theories.
2, personality traits.
3. personality tests.
4. social situations.
2
Dawn took the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and scored a 36 out of 40. A week later, she took the NPI and scored a 34. Three weeks later, she took it again and earned a 38. These scores suggest that the online test is indeed:
1.valid.
2. standardized.
3.reliable.
4.projective.
3
The moral component of personality, according to Freud, is represented by the:
1. id.
2.ego.
3.superego.
4.Superid
3
Voluntary responses can be controlled by their own consequences in which of the following forms of learning?
1.operant conditioning
2.classical conditioning
3.social learning
4.extinction
1
Humanistic theories of personality have been criticized for their:
1.basis in non-human animal research.
2.lack of focus on individuals’ experiences.
3.overemphasis on the subconscious.
4.inadequate empirical evidence.
4
Which of the following individuals is generally recognized for initiating the development of behaviorism?
1.John B. Watson
2.Alfred Adler
3. Albert Bandura
1
