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Chem 111 > Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest units of an element that have all the properties of that element

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2
Q

Element

A

Composed entirely of one type of atom

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3
Q

Compound

A

Contains atoms of two or more different elements

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4
Q

Law of Constant Composition

A

All samples of a pure substance contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass

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5
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions

A

When the same elements form more than one compound, the mass of one element that combines with a fixed mass of a second element are in a ratio of small whole numbers

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6
Q

Law of Conservation Mass

A

There is no detectable change in mass when a chemical reaction occurs

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7
Q

Atoms are composed of what subatomic particles?

A

Electrons, protons, neutrons

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8
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged

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9
Q

Electron Charge

A

-1.602e-19

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10
Q

Electron Relative Mass

A

0

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11
Q

Proton

A

Positively charged

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12
Q

Proton charge

A

+1.602e-19

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13
Q

Proton Relative Mass

A

1

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14
Q

Neutron

A

No charge

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15
Q

Neutron Relative Mass

A

1

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16
Q

Nucleus

A

very small compared to the atom, has a high positive charge and contains most of the mass of the atom

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17
Q

Atomic Number (Z)

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - determines the identity of the element

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18
Q

Mass Number (A)

A

Sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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19
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of an element whose nuclei contain different numbers of neutrons (same Z, different A)

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20
Q

Ion

A

A charged particle as the result of a chemical reaction in which an atom gains or loses electron

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21
Q

Cation

A

Has a positive charge and forms when an atom loses one or more electron

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22
Q

Anion

A

Has a negative charge and forms when an atom gains one or more electrons

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23
Q

Atomic Mass Unit (u)

A

Relative mass scale - 1/12th the mass of one 12C atom
1 u = 1.66e-27 kg

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24
Q

Isotopic Mass

A

The mass, in u, of a particular isotope of an elementA

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25
Atomic Mass
Weighted average mass of the naturally occurring isotopes of the element
26
Periodic Table
Arranges the elements with similar properties in the same column
27
Period
A horizontal row
28
Group (Family)
A vertical column containing chemically similar elements
29
Metal
An element that is shiny and is a good electrical conductor (center and left side of the periodic table)
30
Nonmetal
An elements that is typically a nonconductor (top right of the periodic table)
31
Metalloid
An element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals (staircase separating metals and nonmetals on the periodic table)
32
Representative Elements
The elements in the A groups
33
Transition Metals
The elements in the B groups
34
Inner Transition Metals
The two rows of metals set at the bottom of the periodic table
35
Alkali Metals
Soft, reactive metals in group 1A
36
Alkaline Earth Metals
Elements in group 2A
37
Halogens
Reactive nonmetals in group 7A (salt-formers)
38
Noble Gases
The stable, largely inert gases in group 8A
39
Molecule
Combination of atoms joined so strongly that they behave as a single particle
40
Diatomic
Contains two atoms
41
Homonuclear Diatomics
Contain two of the same atom
42
Heteronuclear Diatomics
Contain two different atoms
43
If all of the atoms in a molecule are the same, then the substance is
An element
44
Molecular Compound
Two or more elements form a molecule (typically nonmetals)
45
Molecular Formula
Gives the number of every type of atom in the molecule
46
Structural Formula
Shows how the atoms are connected in the molecule
47
Molecular Mass
Sum of the atomic masses of all atoms present in the molecular formula expressed in atomic mass units (u)
48
Ionic Compound
Composed of cations and anions (generally combination of metals with nonmetals) *each cation is surrounded by several anions and vice versa
49
Empirical Formula
Ionic compound formula that uses the smallest whole number subscripts to express the relative numbers of ions
50
Position of an Element
The position of an element in the periodic table can be used to determine the charges of some ions
51
Metallic Elements (groups 1A,2A,3A,3B)
All form cations with a charge equal to the group number
52
N group 5A and nonmetals in group 6A and 7A
Form anions with a charge of 3-,2-,1-, respectively
53
Polyatomic Ion
Group of atoms with a net charge that behaves as a single particle
54
Formula Mass
Sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in the empirical formula of an ionic compound
55
Naming Ionic Compounds
The name of the cation is given first followed by the name of the anion
55
Chemical Nomenclature
Organized system for naming compounds
56
Naming Monoatomic Ions
The name of the cation is the same as the name of the element and the name of an anion is formed from the name of the element by changing the ending to "ide"
57
Acid
Compound that produces hydrogen cations when dissolved in water
58
Naming Acids
anion name ends in "ide", change ending to "ic" and add the prefix "hydro" followed by the word "acid" If polyatomic anion name ends in "ate" change ending to "ic" followed by acid If ends in "ite" change ending to "ous" followed by "acid
59
Order of Element Names
1. Element farther to the left in the periodic table appears first 2. The element closer to the bottom within any group is first 3. Hydrogen is first when combined with 6A and 7A elements; it is named second when combined with groups 1A through 5A 4. Oxygen is second, except when combined with fluorine
60
Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds that contain only the elements hydrogen and carbon
61
Alkanes
Named using suffix -ane
62
Cycloalkanes
Same as alkanes but with prefix cyclo
63
Ionic Compounds
Combinations of metals and nonmetals (usually hard, brittle solids with high melting points) while molecular compounds usually contain only nonmetals (lower melting points and some are liquids or gases at room temp)
64
Dissociation
Break down into individual cations and anions when dissolved in water
65
Electrolytes
Substance that forms ions in water solution (conduct electricity when dissolved in water)
66

Chem 111 (2 decks)

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