ch 2 Flashcards
nutrients when taken into the digestive system are
digested, absorbed and utilized
nutrients’ 4 general functions
to provide energy for various processes in the body
to serve as structural component
to supply raw materials for synthesis of body substances
to regulate body temperature
feed nutrients are determined using analytical methods, the most common is
proximate analysis
____ is obtained by difference
nitrogen free extract (NFE)
a liquid concentrate feed that contains 25% water
molasses
an aquatic plant that has 90% moisture
water hyacinth
the animal body itself has how many percent of water
70%
it is not a carbohydrate but has close association with the cell wall
lignin
aka animal starch, carbohydrate is less than one percent of the dry weight
glycogen
classifications of carbohydrates
monosaccharide
disaccharide
polysaccharide
oligosaccharide
mixed polysaccharide
compound or conjoined polysaccharide
volatile fatty acids -
formic, acetic, propionic and butyric
2 tests in determining fat quality
iodine number
saponification value
fats are stored in the body like (3)
adipose, subcutaneous and mesentery
essential amino acids are
arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine
non essential amino acids are
alanine, aspartic acid, cysteine, cystine, glutamic acid, proline, hydroxyproline, serine, thyroxine, tyrosine, hydroxylysine, asparagine, and glutamine
vitamins are used to be known as
unidentified growth factors (UGF)
all B vitamins contain nitrogen except
inositol
thiamine and biotin contain
sulfur
cobalamin contains
cobalt
anti sterility vitamin, also a natural antioxidant
vitamin E
anti neuritic vitamin
Vitamin B1 Thiamine
rice bran for thiamine preparation aka?
tiki-tiki
deficiency of this causes dermatitis and slow growth
Vitamin B2 Riboflavin
deficiency of this causes dermatitis, retarded growth and pellagra (black tongue disease)
Niacin (nicotinamide, niacinamide)
deficiency of this causes poor growth, anemia and convulsion
Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine
deficiency of this causes goose stepping gait in pigs
pantothenic acid
raw egg contains a substance that causes biotin deficiency characterized by dermatitis and weight loss
avidin
vitamin important in transmethylation reactions and fat metabolism in the liver
choline
deficiency of this causes slow growth, fatty infiltration of the liver and perosis (slipped tendon) in chicks
Choline
deficiency of this causes pernicious anemia
cobalamin
vitamins with no characteristic deficiency symptoms
Inositol, Para aminobenzoic acid and Molybdenum
anti stress vitamin, involved in hematopoiesis
Vitamin C Ascorbic acid
99% of this mineral is found in the skeleton and teeth
calcium
mineral that is important in bone formation, 80% is found in the bones and teeth
phosphorus
-held tightly as bound form
-source of phosphorus in plants
phytate phosphorus
calcium-phosphorus ratio except in laying birds
between 1:1 and 2:1
deficiency of this causes poor grwoth, weakness and tetany
potassium
-mineral that combine with proteins such as hemoglobin and transferrin
-deficiency of this causes anemia
Iron Fe
deficiency of this causes endemic goiter
iodine I
deficiency of this causes poor growth, depigmentation of hair and wool , anemia
copper Cu
deficiency of this causes perosis (slipped tendon)
manganese M
deficiency of this causes emaciation, anemia and unthriftiness
cobalt
deficiency of this causes parakeratosis, scabs etc
zinc Zn
deficiency of this causes myopathy in mammals and diathesis in poultry
selenium Se
ammonia is converted into its less toxic form
urea
