Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CCA BIO 101 KEY TERMS > CH 2 > Flashcards

CH 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

acid

A

molecule that donates hydrogen ions and increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

adhesion

A

attraction between water molecules and other molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

aliphatic hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbon consisting of a linear chain of carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anion

A

negative ion that is formed by an atom gaining one or more electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

aromatic hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbon consisting of closed rings of carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

atom

A

the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

atomic mass

A

calculated mean of the mass number for an element’s isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

atomic number

A

total number of protons in an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

balanced chemical equation

A

statement of a chemical reaction with the number of each type of atom equalized for both the products and reactants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

base

A

molecule that donates hydroxide ions or otherwise binds excess hydrogen ions and decreases the hydrogen ions’ concentration in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

buffer

A

substance that prevents a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

calorie

A

amount of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

capillary action

A

occurs because water molecules are attracted to charges on the inner surfaces of narrow tubular structures such as glass tubes, drawing the water molecules to the tubes’ sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cation

A

positive ion that is formed by an atom losing one or more electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chemical bond

A

interaction between two or more of the same or different atoms that results in forming molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

chemical reaction

A

process leading to rearranging atoms in molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

chemical reactivity

A

the ability to combine and to chemically bond with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cohesion

A

intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

compound

A

substance composed of molecules consisting of atoms of at least two different elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

covalent bond

A

type of strong bond formed between two atoms of the same or different elements; forms when
electrons are shared between atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dissociation

A

release of an ion from a molecule such that the original molecule now consists of an ion and the charged remains of the original, such as when water dissociates into H+ and OH-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

electrolyte

A

ion necessary for nerve impulse conduction, muscle contractions, and water balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

electron

A

negatively charged subatomic particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a negative charge of –1 unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

electron configuration

A

arrangement of electrons in an atom’s electron shell (for example, 1s22s22p6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

electron orbital

A

how electrons are spatially distributed surrounding the nucleus; the area where we are most likely to find an electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

electron transfer

A

movement of electrons from one element to another; important in creating ionic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

electronegativity

A

ability of some elements to attract electrons (often of hydrogen atoms), acquiring partial negative charges in molecules and creating partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

element

A

one of 118 unique substances that cannot break down into smaller substances; each element has unique properties and a specified number of protons

29
Q

enantiomers

A

molecules that share overall structure and bonding patterns, but differ in how the atoms are three dimensionally placed such that they are mirror images of each other

30
Q

equilibrium

A

steady state of relative reactant and product concentration in reversible chemical reactions in a closed system

31
Q

evaporation

A

change from liquid to gaseous state at a body of water’s surface, plant leaves, or an organism’s skin

32
Q

functional group

A

group of atoms that provides or imparts a specific function to a carbon skeleton

33
Q

geometric isomer

A

isomer with similar bonding patterns differing in the placement of atoms alongside a double
covalent bond

34
Q

heat of vaporization of water

A

high amount of energy required for liquid water to turn into water vapor

35
Q

hydrocarbon

A

molecule that consists only of carbon and hydrogen

36
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms and slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules

37
Q

hydrophilic

A

describes ions or polar molecules that interact well with other polar molecules such as water

38
Q

hydrophobic

A

describes uncharged nonpolar molecules that do not interact well with polar molecules such as
water

39
Q

inert gas

A

(also, noble gas) element with filled outer electron shell that is unreactive with other atoms

40
Q

ion

A

atom or chemical group that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons

41
Q

ionic bond

A

chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges (cations and anions)

42
Q

irreversible chemical reaction

A

chemical reaction where reactants proceed unidirectionally to form products

43
Q

isomers

A

molecules that differ from one another even though they share the same chemical formula

44
Q

isotope

A

one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

45
Q

law of mass action

A

chemical law stating that the rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reacting substances

46
Q

litmus paper

A

(also, pH paper) filter paper treated with a natural water-soluble dye that changes its color as the pH of the environment changes in order to use it as a pH indicator

47
Q

mass number

A

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

48
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

49
Q

molecule

A

two or more atoms chemically bonded together

50
Q

neutron

A

uncharged particle that resides in an atom’s nucleus; has a mass of one a.m.u (atomic mass unit)

51
Q

nonpolar covalent bond

A

type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between them

52
Q

nucleus

A

core of an atom; contains protons and neutrons

53
Q

octet rule

A

rule that atoms are most stable when they hold eight electrons in their outermost shells

54
Q

orbital

A

region surrounding the nucleus; contains electrons

55
Q

organic molecule

A

any molecule containing carbon (except carbon dioxide)

56
Q

periodic table

A

organizational chart of elements indicating each element’s atomic number and atomic mass; provides key information about the elements’ properties

57
Q

pH scale

A

scale ranging from zero to 14 that is inversely proportional to the hydrogen ions’ concentration in a solution

58
Q

polar covalent bond

A

type of covalent bond that forms as a result of unequal electron sharing, resulting in creating slightly positive and negative charged molecule regions

59
Q

product

A

molecule that is result of chemical reaction

60
Q

proton

A

positively charged particle that resides in the atom’s nucleus; has a mass of one amu and a charge of +1

61
Q

radioisotope

A

isotope that emits radiation comprised of subatomic particles to form more stable
elements

62
Q

reactant

A

molecule that takes part in a chemical reaction

63
Q

reversible chemical reaction

A

chemical reaction that functions bidirectionally, where products may turn into reactants if their concentration is great enough

64
Q

solvent

A

substance capable of dissolving another substance

65
Q

specific heat capacity

A

the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its
temperature by one degree Celsius

66
Q

sphere of hydration

A

when a polar water molecule surrounds charged or polar molecules thus keeping them dissolved and in solution

67
Q

structural isomers

A

molecules that share a chemical formula but differ in the placement of their chemical bonds

68
Q

substituted hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbon chain or ring containing an atom of another element in place of one of
the backbone carbons

69
Q

surface tension

A

tension at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating; created by the attractive cohesive forces between the liquid’s molecules

70
Q

valence shell

A

outermost shell of an atom

71
Q

van der Waals interaction

A

very weak interaction between molecules due to temporary charges attracting
atoms that are very close together

CCA BIO 101 KEY TERMS (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions