ch 19.4 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of life?
reproduction.cellular organization,growth,development,response to stimuli,adaptation through evolution,homeostasis and metabolism
what is a controlled variable/ constant?
A variable that stays the same/ constant
what is the 10% rule?
when energy is passed through an ecosystem from one trophic level to the next,only 10% of energy will be passed through
What is Greenhouse gas?
Greenhouse gas raises the surface temperature of planets by trapping heat
what is the competitive exclusion principle?
A proposition that two species which compete for the same limited resource cannot co-exist at constant population values
What is symbiosis?
Close prolonged association between two or more different biological species
What is mutualism?
An association between species in which each benefits from the interaction
What is commercialism?
An association in which one species benefits from the interaction and the other is not harmed nor benefited
What is parasitism
An association in which one species benefits at the expense of the other
What is biodiversity?
The natural world around us and the variety of all different kinds organisms which supports life on earth
what is species richness?
The number of species in a region
What is a pioneer species
The species that first colonize new environments
What is species abundance
the evenness of distribution of individuals among a species in a community
What is species evenness
describes the commonness of rarity of a species
what is a keystone species?
A species in which other species in an ecosystem largely on
what is a foundation species
A species that plays a strong role in structuring the community
what is an equilibrium?
The state of a body or physical system that is at rest or in constant unchanging motion
What is a food web?
A natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what eats what in a ecological community
What is trophic level
The position of an organism in the food chain
What is a tertiary consumer?
An animal that obtains its nutrition by eating primary or secondary consumers
What is a quaternary consumer?
An animal that consumes at the top of the food chain after the primary consumer
What is an autotroph?
An organism that can produce its own food which are producers
What is an heterotroph?
An organism that consumes food made by another organism which is a consumer
What is Gross primary productivity?
The total amount of carbon dioxide energy captured by autotrophs like through photosynthesis
What is net primary productivity?
The rate at which all the autotrophs in an ecosystem produce net useful chemical energy
What is biomagnification
A process causing the concentration of a substance crosses to increase at higher levels of the food chain
What is the biogeochemical cycle?
The movement of nutrients and other elements between abiotic and biotic factors
What is CHNOPS?
Chno stands for Carbon,Hydrogen,Nitrogen and Oxygen and the Ps stands for Phosphorus and Sulfur
What is the hydrosphere?
Total amount of water on a planet
What is the carbon cycle?
The process in which carbon atoms travel from the atmosphere into organisms then back into the atmosphere
What is the nitrogen cycle?
The process in which Nitrogen is converted into many forms consecutively passing from the atmosphere to soil to an organism back into the atmosphere
What is the carbon sink?
Anything that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases.
Ex:Humans
What is the carbon store?
Most carbon is stored in rocks and sediment
What is the carbon source?
Carbon sources release more carbon than they absorb
What is Eutrophication?
excessive amount of nutrients in a lake or body of water due to runoff from land which causes a dense growth of plants and death in animal life due to the lack of oxygen
What is the Phosphorus cycle?
The biogeochemical cycle that describes the transformation and translocation of phosphorus in soil,water,and living and dead organic material
What is the Sulfur cycle?
The process in which Sulfur moves between rocks,waterways, and living systems.
