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Maternity > Ch 19: Pregnancy Related Complications > Flashcards

Ch 19: Pregnancy Related Complications Flashcards

1
Q

conditions that cause high risk pregnancies

A

diabetes, cardiac/resp disorders, anemia, autoimmune disorders, infections

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2
Q

what is hyperemesis gravidarum

A

severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

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3
Q

when do spontaneous usually occur

A

first trimester- due to fetal genetic abnormality
second trimester- related to maternal conditions

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4
Q

what are some nursing assessment findings we would see for Spontaneous Abortion

A
  • vaginal bleeding
  • cramping or contractions
  • vital signs, pain level
  • client’s understanding
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5
Q

completed abortion

A

all of the pregnancy tissue leaves the body and the cervix is close

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6
Q

incomplete abortion

A

some of the pregnancy tissue leaves the body but not all

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7
Q

inevitable abortion

A

cervix is dilated and the miscarriage is unavoidable

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8
Q

missed abortion

A

the pregnancy failed but the tissue did not leave the body

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9
Q

why would you use misoprostol (cytotec) related to abotion

A

stimulates uterine contractions to terminate a pregnancy and to evacuate the uterus after abortion to ensure passage of all the products of conception

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10
Q

why would you use RhoD immunoglobulin related to abortion

A

suppresses immune response of Rh- mom who is exposed to Rh+ blood after abortion, miscarriage, and pregnancy

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11
Q

what is an ectopic pregnancy

A

ovum implantation outside the uterus

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12
Q

hallmark sign of ectopic pregnancy

A

abdominal pain with spotting within 6-8 weeks after missed menses

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13
Q

therapeutic management for ectopic pregnancy

A

drugs: methotrexate (stops growth of fetus and it gets absorbed by fetus), prostaglandins, misoprostol, Rh immunoglobulin

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14
Q

what can bleeding or spotting in early pregnancy be a sign of

A

ectopic pregnancy

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15
Q

what can bleeding in second half of pregnancy be a sign of

A

less common and can indicate placenta previa, placental abruption, and vasa previa

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16
Q

what does HELLP syndrome stand for

A

Hemolysis, Elevated liver enzymes, Low platelt count

17
Q

when does HELLP syndrome occur usually

A

usually in 3rd trimester but can occur anytime after 20 weeks onward

18
Q

is HELLP the same as preeclampsia

A

HELLP is considered a severe form of preeclampsia
Preeclampsia also leads to high BP and proteinuria

19
Q

signs of gestational diabetes

A

increased thirst and more frequent urination

20
Q

complication for the infant of a mom with gestational diabetes

A

excessive birth weight, early preterm, breathing difficulties, hypoglycemia, obesity

21
Q

what is blood incompatability and what is the most common

A

mom and baby have different blood types and mom’s will attack unborn baby’s red blood cells

usually mom has O and baby has A, B, or AB

22
Q

biggest complications with blood incompatability

A

heart failure and miscarriage

but others include, fetal anemia, jaundice, organ damage,

23
Q

most common treatment of blood incompatability

A

RhoGAM given at 28 weeks

24
Q

Polyhydramnios
- what is it
- when does it happen

A

too much amniotic fluid over 2000ml
- popular in moms with multiple pregnancies (twins), congenital anomalies, or gestational diabetes

25
Q

Oligohydramnios
- what is it
- when does it happen

A

too little amniotic fluid less than 500ml
- happens in late pregnancies, ruptures membranes, placental dysfunction

26
Q

conditions associated with early bleeding during pregnancy

A

ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, cervical insufficiency

27
Q

what is cervical insufficiency?
- when does this happen

A

premature dilation of cervix
- usually when baby is getting bigger and heavier if the woman has a weaker cervix and starts pressing

28
Q

what test can determine cervical insufficiency

A

transvaginal ultrasound

29
Q

Placenta previa
s/s

A

placenta covers cervical opening
- PAINLESS BRIGHT RED bleeding in second or third trimester

30
Q

a mom with placenta previa should never get a

A

vaginal exams

31
Q

Placental abruption
s/s

A

separation of placenta leading to compromised fetal blood supply
- dark blood, constant pain and uterine tenderness, fetal movement decreased, fetal distress

32
Q

cardinal sign of placental abruption

A

sharp abdominal pain, rigid abdomen

33
Q

severe preeclampsia mangement

A

oxytocin and mag sulfate, hospitalization

34
Q

what is PROM

A

premature rupture of membranes 37+ weeks gestation

35
Q

how is PROM diagnosed

A

speculum vaginal exam and then confirmed with nitrazine pH strip

36
Q

How do you diagnose an ectopic pregnancy

A

Abdominal ultrasound

Maternity (5 decks)

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