Ch. 19 cerebellum

Question 1

Functions of the cerebellum

Answer 1

Coordination (agonist-antagonist, whole limb)
Control of movement initiation
Balance
Oculomotor control
Learning of movement
Provide parametric computations for cognition

Question 2

Do the efferent of the of the cerebellum project directly towards the local circuits of the LMN

Answer 2

No. The efferent cells of the cerebellum do not project directly either to the local circuits of the brainstem and spinal cord that organize movement, or to the lower motor neurons that innervate muscles.

Question 3

How does the cerebellum influence movement?

Answer 3

The cerebellum influences movements primarily by modifying the activity patterns of the upper
motor neurons.

Question 4

Primary function?

Answer 4

The primary function of the cerebellum
is evidently to detect the difference, or “motor error,” between an intended movement and the actual movement, and, through its influence over upper motor neurons, to reduce the error…

Question 5

The cerebellar hemispheres can be subdivided into ____ main parts based on differences in their ________

Answer 5

• Three

- sources of input

Question 6

the largest subdivision in humans is the ________

Answer 6

Cerebrocerebellum

Question 7

parts of the Cerebellar cortex?

Answer 7

Cerebrocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum

Question 8

Parts of Deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 8

Dentate nucleus
Interposed nuclei
Fastigial nucleus

Question 9

Parts of the Cerebellar peduncles

Answer 9

Superior peduncle
Middle peduncle
Inferior peduncle

Question 10

What is the cerebrocerebellum is concerned

with?

Answer 10

The regulation of highly skilled movements, especially the planning
and execution of complex spatial and temporal sequences of movement (including
speech)

Question 11

is the only part that receives input tirectly from the spinal cord?

Answer 11

Spinocerebullum

Question 12

The median strip of cerebellar hemisphere along the midline, called the _____, is primarily concerned with
______; it also regulates ______

Answer 12

• > Vermis
• > movements of proximal muscles
• > certain forms of eye movements

Question 13

The vestibulocerebellum includes

Answer 13

flocculus and nodulus

Question 14

The vestibulocerebellum receives input from the _____in the brainstem and is primarily
concerned with the __________and
_____, as well as ______

Answer 14

-> vestibular nuclei
-> regulation of movements underlying posture
& equilibrium
-> the vestibulo-ocular reflex

Question 15

The connections between the cerebellum and other parts of the nervous system occur by way of three large pathways called ________

Answer 15

cerebellar peduncles

Question 16

The superior cerebellar peduncle (or brachium conjunctivum) is almost entirely an ______ pathway

Answer 16

Efferent

Question 17

The neurons that give rise to this pathway
are in the_______nuclei, and their axons project to upper motor neurons in the deep layers of the superior colliculus, and, after a relay in the
dorsal thalamus, the primary motor and pre-motor areas of the cortex

Answer 17

-> Deep cerebellar

Question 18

The middle cerebellar peduncle (or
brachium pontis) is an afferent pathway to the cerebellum; most of the cell bodies that give rise to this pathway are in the base of the contralateral pons,
where they form the ______

Answer 18

pontine nuclei

Question 19

True or false. The pontine nuclei receive

input from a wide variety of sources, including almost all areas of the cerebral cortex and the superior colliculus.

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

The frontal and partial cortex have to go through which set of nuclei to synapse with the Cerebellar Cortex? Is there a deccussion along this pathway?

Answer 20

The Pontine N.

Yes. So the Cerebellum is concerned with the opposite side of the cortex and thereby same side of the body.

Question 21

Axons from the inferior olive, spinal cord, and vestibular nuclei enter via__________.

Answer 21

the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 22

true or false. The majority of the afferent pathways originate in the primary motor and premotor cortices of the frontal lobe.

Answer 22

False. the also originate from the primary and secondary somatic sensory cortices of the anterior parietal lobe, and the higher order visual regions of the posterior parietal lobe

Question 23

The afferent axons from the cortical areas that go in the cerebellum synapse in the _______ that are located on the _____ side of the brainstem as their hemisphere of origin. These nuclei in turn give
rise to the transverse projections that [cross the midline/stay on the same side (ipsilatral)]______ and form the middle cerebellar peduncle, thus relaying these cortical signals to the (contralateral/Ipsilateral) ________cerebellar
hemisphere

Answer 23

pontine nuclei
same side
cross the midline
contralateral

Question 24

true or false. Sensory pathways don’t also project to the cerebellum

Answer 24

False .

Question 25

The somatic sensory input remains topographically mapped in the _________ such that there are _____ representations of the body surface
within the cerebellum.

Answer 25

Spinocerebellum

Orderly

Question 26

Define the fracturing of the somatopoical maps in the cerebellum

Answer 26

That
is, fine-grain electrophysiological analysis indicates that each small area of the
body is represented multiple times by spatially separated clusters of cells, rather
than by a specific site within a single continuous somatotopic map.

Question 27

True or false. The vestibular and spinal inputs Cross the midline from their point of entry in the brainstem,
traveling in the inferior cerebellar peduncle. Explain.

Answer 27

False. they The vestibular
and spinal inputs remain ipsilateral from their point of entry in the brainstem. This
arrangement ensures that the right cerebellum is concerned with the right half of the body and the left cerebellum with the left half. since the cortex inputs crosses aswell.

Question 28

Cerebrocerebellar pathways (afferent projection) from the dentate nucleus are Pathways to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ mainly destined for the\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cortices of the frontal lobe. They reach these cortical areas after a relay in the ventral
nuclear complex in the thalamus

Answer 28

Premotor Motor Lower motor
premotor
associational

Question 29

The Dentate function in?

Answer 29

Planning volitional movements