CH 19 BLOOD Flashcards
the agranular leukocyte (agranulocyte) that is capable of phagocytosis is the ______
Monocyte
people with type “o” blood are considered “universal donors” for transfusions because
their blood lacks A and B antigen
the white blood cell type that most rapidly increases in number after a bacterial infection is the
neutrophils
the common pathway in coagulation ends with
conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by
the liver
the percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the
hematocrit
the combination of plasma and formed elements is called
whole blood
a person who has a low blood volume is said to be
hypovolemic
the chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the
concentration of proteins
are antibodies a formed element of blood?
no
the most abundant solute in plasma is
protein
the function of hemoglobin is to
carry dissolved blood gases
A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because
the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of
iron
Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?
vitamin K
Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?
albumin
Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood
antibodies
The process of fibrinolysis
dissolves clots.
Platelets are
cytoplasmic fragments of large cells
The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following, except
during periods of fasting.
People with type AB blood are considered the “universal recipients” for transfusions because
their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called
megakaryocytes
___ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
Coagulation
Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is
recycled to the red bone marrow.
All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the
red bone marrow.
the common pathway in coagulation ends with
conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by
the liver
the chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the
concentration of protein
are antibodies a formed element of blood?
no
the most abundant solute in plasma is
serum cant coagulate because the _____ has been removed
transferrin is an example of what kind of plasma protein
protein
fibrongen
metalloprotein
what plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?
which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins :
plasma proteins essential in body defense are the
Albumin
liver
immunoglobulins
a plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is
the formed elements are largely produced within the
_____
red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone
fibrinogen
red bone marrow
erythroprotein
the disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen is
an obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in
each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses and atom of
a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal
increases erythropoiesis
iron
the function of hemoglobin is to
pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by
a bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because
carry dissolved blood gases
injections of vitamin B 12
the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin
the waste product bilirubin is produced from
most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is
the process of red blood cell production is called
heme molecules lacking iron
recycled to the red bone marrow
erythopoiesis
each hemoglobin molecule contains
A person with a type A positive blood type can safely receive blood from O+ A- A+ but not
people with type AB blood are considered the “universal recipient” for transfusions because
four iron atoms
B+
their blood lacks A or B antigens
anti D antibodies are present in the blood of
granulocytes form in
the most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are
white blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are
Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen
red bone marrow
the neutrophils
basophils
____ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells
white blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the
eosinophils function in
monocytes
eosinophils
destroying antibody labeled antigens
1.the blood cells involved in specific immunity are the
2. non specific immunity such as phagocytosis is a function of which blood cells?
3. the function of platelets is to assist in the
4. platelets are pinched off from giant multnucleated cells in the bone marrow called
5. platelets are
6. during fibrinolysis
7. the enzyme that dissolves fibrin is names
8. the complex process that leads to the formation of fibrin from fibrinogen is called
- lymphocytes,
- neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes
- process called hemostasis
- megakaryocytes
- cytoplasmic fragments of large cells
- clots slowly dissolve
- plasmin
- coagulation
the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the
the intrinsic pathway of coagulation is acitvated by the
the common pathway of coagulation begins with the
some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver’s ability to utilize vitamin K. animals that consume this poison would die of
a substance that activated plasminogen might be useful to cause
what vitamin is need for the formation of clotting factors?
a moving blood clot is called
the most abundant component of plasma is
release of tissue factor (factoryIII) by damaged endothelium (EXTRINSIC)
activation of factor XII exposed to collagen (INTRINSIC)
conversion of factor X to prothrombinase (COMMON)
hemorrhage
clot dissolution to proceed faster
vitamin k
an embolus
water
A hematocrit provides information on
formed elements abundance
Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics
RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies.
Bill wants to determine his blood type
Bill’s plasma contains B antibodies
Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?
ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin
Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by
the liver
The average life span of red blood cell is
4 months
Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the( extrinsic) pathway
extrinsic
A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to
cause clot dissolution to proceed faster
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme
thrombin
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is
hemoglobin
Plasma is closest in composition to
interstitial fluid
A person’s blood type is determined largely by the
presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.
How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation?
coagulation would be prevented
In case of hemorrhage, platelets are stored as a reserve in
the spleen
Each hemoglobin molecule contains
four iron atoms
Pacemaker cells in the SA node
can spontaneously depolarize.
Put in correct order the sequence in which excitation would move through the conducting system of heart:
- Purkinje fibers
- AV bundle
- AV node
- SA node
- bundle branches
4,3,2,5,1
SA node, AVnode, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following, except the
stroke volume.
Activation of which kind of receptor causes heart rate to increase?
beta-one receptor
The pulmanary veins carry blood to the
heart
Coronary veins empty into the
RIGHT ATRIUM
during ventricular systole, the
AV valves are closed.
Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the
medulla oblongata.
The P wave of the electrocardigram is a signal from
depolarization of the atria
Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the
QRS complex.
The visceral pericardium is the same as
epicardium
