Ch 19, 22 Flashcards
Diuretic effects
Increase urine flow by Incr Na and Cl excretion, loss of water and decr extracellular fluid
DIuretic uses
CHF, hepatic ascites, nephrotic syndrome. premenstrual edema
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor:
Acetazolamide(Diamox) mechanism
inhibits carbonic anhydrase enzyme on the prox. tubule epithelium
Acetazolamide reduces the ________ reabsorption and inhibits excretion of H
HCO3-
Acetazolamide(Diamox) uses
glaucoma, epilepsy, mountain sickness
Acetazolamide(Diamox) side effects
- Metabolic acidosis (loss of HCO3)
- hypokalemia
- renal stone formation
- drowsiness
Loop of henle diuretic
Furosemide (Lasix)
Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor
Acetazolamide
Furosemide (Lasix) mechanism
inhibits Na/K/Cl cotransport in lumen within the ascending limb of loop of henle decreasing absorption of Na, K, Cl
**Loop diuretics incr. Ca content in urine
Lasix is used for
emergency situaations such as acute pulmonary edema due to CHF or hypercalcemia
Lasix side effects
- ototoxicity
- Hyperuricemia(aggravates gout)
- Acute hypovolemia due to decr blood volume leading o arrhythmias
- hypokalemia
Thiazide diuretic
hydrochlorothiazide (esidrix)
Esidrix mechanism
act on distal tubules:
- Incr Na, K, Cl excretion
- Incr Ca reabsorption
- Hypovolemia
Esidrix uses
- hypertension
- CHF
- edema w/ nephrotic syndrome
Esidrix side effects
- hypokalemia
- hyperuricemia (gout)
- Orthostatic hypotension
- hypercalcemia
- allergies(dermatitis)
Potassium sparing diuretic
Spiromolactone (aldactone)
Aldalactone mechanism
Synthetic aldosterone antagonist inhibiting K secretion and Na reabsorption from distal end and collecting tubules
Aldactone uses
as diuretic and often combined with thiazide (esidrix) or loop diuretic (Lasix)
Aldactone side effects
- Causes gynecomastia in males and menstrual irregularity in females
- hyperkalemia, nausea, lethargy, etc
Ca inhibitor Diuretic
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
Loop diuretic
Furosemide (Lasix)
Thiazide diuretics
hydrochlorothiazide (esidrix)
K sparing diuretics
spironolactone (aldactone)
Beta blockers
propranolol (Inderal) or atenolol (Tenormin)
“olol”
Action of beta blocker on urinary system
Reduce BP by decr C.O. and decr renin
B-Blocker uses for urinary system
- Mild to mod hypertension
- Hypertensive pt’s with hx of MI, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine
B-blocker as diuretic side effects
- fatigue, lethargy, hypotension, decr libido
2. decr serum HDL and inc plasma triglycerides
ACE inhibitors
Captopril (capoten)
Enalapril (vasotec)
Lisinopril (Zestril)
ACE inhibitor mechanism
Decr peripheral vascular resistance due to blocking the ACE to form angiotensin II without incr C.O.
