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AP2 > Ch 19 > Flashcards

Ch 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main functions of blood?

A
  1. Transports (O2)
  2. Regulates (pH)
  3. Protects (clots)
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2
Q

what causes RBCs to be dense?

A

Hemaglobin

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3
Q

what are the 4 proteins of plasma?

A
  1. Albumin 54%
  2. Globulins 38%
  3. Fibrinogen 7%
  4. All Others 1%
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4
Q

what is the other name for RBCs

A

Erythrocytes

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5
Q

what are granular leukocytes?

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinphils
  3. Basophils
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6
Q

what are the agranular leukocytes

A
  1. Lymphocytes
  2. Monocytes
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7
Q

what is called when elements develop into red blood cells

A

Hemopoiesis

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8
Q

this stem cell differentiates

A

Pluripotent Stem Cell

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9
Q

Myeloid stem cells create what cells?

A
  1. RBCs
  2. Platelets
  3. Neutophils
  4. Eosinphil
  5. Basophil
  6. Monocytes
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10
Q

Lymphoid Stem cells create what cells?

A
  1. T lymphocytes
  2. B Lymphocytes
  3. Natural Keller Cell
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11
Q

What metabolite excretes from urine formed from Bilirubin?

A

Urobilin

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12
Q

What metabolite excretes from poop formed from Bilirubin?

A

Stercobilin

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13
Q

what structures gets rid of RBCs?

A
  1. Spleen
  2. Liver
  3. Red Bone Marrow
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14
Q

What are the 4 elements that create RBCs

A
  1. EPO (erythropoietin)
  2. Globin
  3. Iron
  4. B12
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15
Q

What are the factors that decide what stems cells create into?

A
  1. Hormones
  2. Cytokines
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16
Q

what is the percentage volume occupied by RBCs called

A

Hematocrit

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17
Q

This disease is caused by defiency in RBC stem cells?

A

Aplastic Anemia

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18
Q

what are ways to getting aplastic anemia

A
  1. Inherited
  2. radiaton
  3. Medication
  4. Chemotherapy
  5. Infection
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19
Q

This disease is when improper maturation of RBCs occurs

A

Thalassemia

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20
Q

This anemia is when Dietary defiency of B12/Foalte occurs

A

Megaloblastic Anemia

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21
Q

This anemia is from poor asorbtion of B12/Lack of intrinsic factor

A

Pernicous anemia

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22
Q

what happens to this certain element’s production when kidney failure occurs

A

Lack of EPO production

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23
Q

Excessive production of immature RBCs

A

Polycythemia Vera

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24
Q

what are ways Polycythemia can occur?

A
  1. Dehdration
  2. Tissue Hypoxia
  3. High EPO
  4. Blood Doping
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25
Q

what percentage of WBC circulate around the blood?

A

2%

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26
Q

This WBC is AKA Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (PMNs)

A

Neutrophils

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27
Q

This WBC has 2-5 Lobes

A

Neutrophils

28
Q

What percentage of WBC is Neutrophils

A

60-70 %

29
Q

which WBC is elevated during acute bacterial infection?

A

Neutrophils

30
Q

this WBC serves as phagocytes in early inflammation

A

Neutrophils

31
Q

This WBC can exit blood emigration/diapedsis

A

Neutrophils

32
Q

This WBC uses Lysozyme; hydrogen peroxide; and defensins (puncture membranes of bacteria and fungi)

A

Neutrophils

33
Q

what is the immature and mature names for Neutorphils

A

1.Bands and stabs
2.Segmented /Segs

34
Q

This WBC is red-orange and 2-lobed nucleus, is capable of diapedesis, phagocytosis and is 2-4% of wbc

A

Eosinophils

35
Q

This wbc reduces inflammatory response

A

Eosinophils

36
Q

which WBC attacks parsitic infection

A

Eosinophil

37
Q

This wbc has dark purple granules, increases inflammatory response, and is <1% of WBC

A

Basophils

38
Q

what are the granules of basophils

A

Histamine, Heparin, Seratonin

39
Q

which wbc phagocytize antigen-antibody complex

A

Eosinophils

40
Q

this wbc has pale lilac granules

A

Neutrophil

41
Q

this type of wbc is adaptive immune system (memory) and makes up 20-35 %

A

Lymphocytes

42
Q

This type of wbc makes up 2-8% of wbc, is a precursor for macrophages, can be fixed or wander

A

Monocytes

43
Q

which WBC can phagocytose ?

A
  1. Monocytes
  2. Eosinphils
  3. Neutrophils
44
Q

High count in neutrophils indicate

A

Bacterial infection, burns, stress, inflammation

45
Q

Low count in neutrophils indicate

A

Radiation exposure, drug toxicity, B12 defeincy, Lupus

46
Q

High count in Lymphocytes indicate

A
  1. Viral Infection
  2. Luekimia
  3. Mononeucleosis
47
Q

Low count in Lymphocytes indicate

A
  1. HIV Infection
  2. cortisol treatment
48
Q

High count in Monocytes indicate

A
  1. Viral or Fungal Inection
  2. Tuberculosis
49
Q

Low count in Monocytes indicate

A

1.Bone Marrow Supression
2.Treatment with Cortisol

50
Q

High count in Eosinophils indicate

A

1.Allergic Reaction
2.Parasitic Inections
3.Autoimmune Disease

51
Q

Low count in Eosinophils indicate

A
  1. Drug Toxicity
  2. Stress
  3. Acute allergic Reaction
52
Q

High count in Basophils indicate

A
  1. Allergic Reaction
  2. Cancers
  3. Hypothyroidism
53
Q

Low count in Basophils indicate

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Ovulation
  3. stress
  4. hypothyroidism
54
Q

What gets released from platelets from collagen attachment?

A

1.Thromboxane
2.Seratonin
3.ADP

55
Q

How does Serotonin & Thromboxane help with platelet formation?

A

Promotes Vasoconstriction

56
Q

How does ADP & Thromboxane help with platelet formation?

A

Platelet aggregation

57
Q

what are the important clotting factors for extrinsic pathway?

A
  1. Tissue Factor
  2. Calcium
  3. Factor V, VII, X
58
Q

what are the important clotting factors for Intrinsic pathway?

A
  1. Hagemen Factor XII
  2. Calcium
  3. Factor X
59
Q

what organ produces most clotting factors

A

The Liver

60
Q

This fibinolytic system delays, supresses and prevents blood clotting

A

Anticoagulants

61
Q

This fibrinolytic system dissolves clots that have already formed

A

Thrombolytic agents

62
Q

what is heparin and what does it do?

A

Anticoagulant and it blocks thrombin

63
Q

what is Coumadin (warfarin) and how does it work

A

anticoagulant and it reduces vitamin K

64
Q

what is streptokinase

A

its an Thrombolytic agent

65
Q

what is tPA

A

its an thrombolytic agent and its genetically engineered

AP2 (2 decks)

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