Ch. 18 Vocab Flashcards
Agent that causes disease
Pathogen
Infectious particle made only of a strand of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
Virus
Infectious particle made of single-stranded RNA without a protein coat, that almost always uses plants as their host
Viroids
Infectious agent that consists of a protein fragment that can cause other proteins to fold incorrectly
Prion
Protein shell that surrounds the virus
Capsid
Virus that eats or infects bacteria
Bacteriophage
Infectious pathway of a virus in which host cells are destroyed
Lytic infection
Infectious pathway of a virus in which host cells are not immediately destroyed
Lysogenic infection
DNA of a bacteriophage inserted into a host cell’s DNA
Prophage
Rapid outbreak of a disease that affects many people
Epidemic
Substance that stimulates an immune response, producing acquired immunity without illness or infection
Vaccine
Virus that contains RNA and uses the enzyme called reverse transcriptase to make a DNA copy
Retrovirus
Prokaryote that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
Obligate anaerobe
Prokaryote that cannot survive without the presence of oxygen
Obligate aerobe
Organism that an live without or with oxygen
Facultative aerobe
Circular piece of genetic material found in bacteria that can replicate separately from the DNA of the main chromosome
Plasmid
Whiplike structure outside of a cell that is used for movement
Flagellum
Process by which a prokaryote transfers part of its chromosome to another prokaryote
Conjugation
Prokaryotic cell with a thick, protective wall surround its DNA
Endosperm
Process by which humans use living things to break down pollutants
Bioremediation
Poison released by an organism
Toxin
Chemical that kills or slows the growth of bacteria
Antibiotic
