Ch 18 Study Guide 10/8/14

Question 1

a ____ occurs when neutrons released from a nucleus splitting, split other nuclei

Answer 1

chain reaction

Question 2

a proton or a neutron

Answer 2

nucleon

Question 3

when a radioactive nucleus emits and alpha particle, its atomic number

Answer 3

decreases by two

Question 4

the most widely used radioactive isotope used in nuclear medicine

Answer 4

technetium-99

Question 5

fusion occurs in __

Answer 5

the sun

Question 6

when a radioactive nucleus emits an alpha particle, its mass number ___________

Answer 6

decreases by four

Question 7

a high energy electron realeased by a nucleus is called a

Answer 7

beta particle

Question 8

the radioisotope used for dating objects made of materials that were once alive

Answer 8

carbon-14

Question 9

when a radioactive nucleus emits a beta particle the atomic number ______

Answer 9

increases by one

Question 10

the penetrating rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source

Answer 10

radiation

Question 11

the high energy photon emitted by a nucleus during fission and radioactive decay

Answer 11

gamma ray

Question 12

an isotope that has unstable nucleus and undergoes radioactive decay

Answer 12

radioisotope

Question 13

a few centimeters of this can stop gamma radiation

Answer 13

lead

Question 14

the use of radioactive isotopes to determine the age of an object is called

Answer 14

radioactive dating

Question 15

a general term applied to a specific nucleus with a given number of protons and neutrons

Answer 15

nuclide

Question 16

the most penetrating form of radiation

Answer 16

gamma

Question 17

the type of nuclear reaction that occurs in nuclear power plants

Answer 17

fission

Question 18

the stable nuclei on a neutron-versus-proton plat are located in the ______

Answer 18

band of stability

Question 19

the nuclear reaction that powers the sun and all the stars

Answer 19

fusion

Question 20

a particle with the mass of an electron but a positive charge that is emitted when a proton turns into a neutron

Answer 20

positron

Question 21

protons and neutrons are made up of

Answer 21

quarks

Question 22

the time it takes for half of the radioisotope to decay

Answer 22

halflife

Question 23

the minimum mass of a fissionable isotope that provides the number of neutrons needed to sustain a chain reaction

Answer 23

critical mass

Question 24

the energy released when nucleons come together is called

Answer 24

nuclear binding energy

Question 25

alpha particles have a ____ penetrating power

Answer 25

low

Question 26

this can be both caused by radiation and cured by it

Answer 26

cancer

Question 27

nuclei with ____ numbers of neutrons and protons are more stable

Answer 27

even

Question 28

no nuclei with atomic number greater than ____ and a mass number larger than 209 are stable

Answer 28

83

Question 29

in this type of radiation smaller nuclei are combine together creating larger nucleus

Answer 29

fusion

Question 30

this type of radiation is easily stopped by your skin, but is very dangerous when ingested

Answer 30

alpha

Question 31

a medical procedure that uses radioisotopes with short half lives to get three dimensional images of organs

Answer 31

PET

Question 32

this type of radiation contains two protons and two neutrons and has a positive two charges

Answer 32

alpha

Question 33

used in nuclear power plants to adjust the rate of the chain reaction by absorbing neutrons

Answer 33

control rod

Question 34

a unit of radiation

Answer 34

rem

Question 35

this type of radiation has moderate penetrating power

Answer 35

beta

Question 36

the process in which an unstable nucleus emits on or more particles or energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 36

radioactivity

Question 37

the part of a nuclear power plant that reduced the speed of neutrons so they can be captured by the reactor fuel in order to continue the chain reaction

Answer 37

moderator

Question 38

the top number of an isotope symbol is the element's ___

Answer 38

mass number

Question 39

the splitting of large nuclei into smaller nuclei

Answer 39

fission

Question 40

a few sheets of this can be used to stop beta particles

Answer 40

aluminum foil

Question 41

the interaction that binds nucleons together in the nucleus

Answer 41

strong force

Question 42

nuclei may be unstable because they have ____ neutrons relative to the number of protons

Answer 42

too many

Question 43

1/1 H, 1/+1 p

Answer 43

proton symbols

Question 44

0/+1 e

Answer 44

positron

Question 45

0/-1 e

Answer 45

beta particle

Question 46

4/2 He

Answer 46

alpha

Question 47

y, 0

Answer 47

gamma ray

Question 48

what is beta stopped by?

Answer 48

few sheets of aluminum foil

Question 49

what is a positron stopped by?

Answer 49

few sheet of aluminum foil

Question 50

what is alpha stopped by?

Answer 50

skin or one sheet of paper

Question 51

what is gamma stopped by?

Answer 51

several centimeters of lead

Question 52

what is neutron stopped by?

Answer 52

few centimeter of lead

Question 53

what is proton stopped by?

Answer 53

few sheets of paper

Question 54

which has least, most or moderate penetration power?

Answer 54

least= alpha most=gamma moderate=beta

Question 55

what makes nuclei stable

Answer 55

nuclei are stable if its neutron to proton ratio is 1 n/z= 1

Question 56

what make a nuclei unstable?

Answer 56

when n/z is not 1 or 1.5

Question 57

why are some elements magic numbers?

Answer 57

because the tend to be more stable than others

Question 58

famous formula...

Answer 58

e=mc^2

Question 59

why are things radioactive?

Answer 59

because they want to become stable

Question 60

what force overcomes radiation?

Answer 60

strong force

Question 61

remeber decay or emission is blah blah -----> here | and bombarded or collide is here----->blah blah

Answer 61

remeber that!!!!!!! remeber decay or emission is blah blah -----> here and bombarded or collide is here----->blah blah