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pre ap chemistry > Ch 18 Study Guide 10/8/14 > Flashcards

Ch 18 Study Guide 10/8/14 Flashcards

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AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards
1
Q

a ____ occurs when neutrons released from a nucleus splitting, split other nuclei

A

chain reaction

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2
Q

a proton or a neutron

A

nucleon

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3
Q

when a radioactive nucleus emits and alpha particle, its atomic number

A

decreases by two

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4
Q

the most widely used radioactive isotope used in nuclear medicine

A

technetium-99

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5
Q

fusion occurs in __

A

the sun

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6
Q

when a radioactive nucleus emits an alpha particle, its mass number ___________

A

decreases by four

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7
Q

a high energy electron realeased by a nucleus is called a

A

beta particle

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8
Q

the radioisotope used for dating objects made of materials that were once alive

A

carbon-14

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9
Q

when a radioactive nucleus emits a beta particle the atomic number ______

A

increases by one

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10
Q

the penetrating rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source

A

radiation

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11
Q

the high energy photon emitted by a nucleus during fission and radioactive decay

A

gamma ray

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12
Q

an isotope that has unstable nucleus and undergoes radioactive decay

A

radioisotope

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13
Q

a few centimeters of this can stop gamma radiation

A

lead

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14
Q

the use of radioactive isotopes to determine the age of an object is called

A

radioactive dating

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15
Q

a general term applied to a specific nucleus with a given number of protons and neutrons

A

nuclide

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16
Q

the most penetrating form of radiation

A

gamma

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17
Q

the type of nuclear reaction that occurs in nuclear power plants

A

fission

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18
Q

the stable nuclei on a neutron-versus-proton plat are located in the ______

A

band of stability

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19
Q

the nuclear reaction that powers the sun and all the stars

A

fusion

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20
Q

a particle with the mass of an electron but a positive charge that is emitted when a proton turns into a neutron

A

positron

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21
Q

protons and neutrons are made up of

A

quarks

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22
Q

the time it takes for half of the radioisotope to decay

A

halflife

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23
Q

the minimum mass of a fissionable isotope that provides the number of neutrons needed to sustain a chain reaction

A

critical mass

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24
Q

the energy released when nucleons come together is called

A

nuclear binding energy

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25
Q

alpha particles have a ____ penetrating power

A

low

26
Q

this can be both caused by radiation and cured by it

A

cancer

27
Q

nuclei with ____ numbers of neutrons and protons are more stable

A

even

28
Q

no nuclei with atomic number greater than ____ and a mass number larger than 209 are stable

A

83

29
Q

in this type of radiation smaller nuclei are combine together creating larger nucleus

A

fusion

30
Q

this type of radiation is easily stopped by your skin, but is very dangerous when ingested

A

alpha

31
Q

a medical procedure that uses radioisotopes with short half lives to get three dimensional images of organs

A

PET

32
Q

this type of radiation contains two protons and two neutrons and has a positive two charges

A

alpha

33
Q

used in nuclear power plants to adjust the rate of the chain reaction by absorbing neutrons

A

control rod

34
Q

a unit of radiation

A

rem

35
Q

this type of radiation has moderate penetrating power

A

beta

36
Q

the process in which an unstable nucleus emits on or more particles or energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation

A

radioactivity

37
Q

the part of a nuclear power plant that reduced the speed of neutrons so they can be captured by the reactor fuel in order to continue the chain reaction

A

moderator

38
Q

the top number of an isotope symbol is the element’s ___

A

mass number

39
Q

the splitting of large nuclei into smaller nuclei

A

fission

40
Q

a few sheets of this can be used to stop beta particles

A

aluminum foil

41
Q

the interaction that binds nucleons together in the nucleus

A

strong force

42
Q

nuclei may be unstable because they have ____ neutrons relative to the number of protons

A

too many

43
Q

1/1 H, 1/+1 p

A

proton symbols

44
Q

0/+1 e

A

positron

45
Q

0/-1 e

A

beta particle

46
Q

4/2 He

A

alpha

47
Q

y, 0

A

gamma ray

48
Q

what is beta stopped by?

A

few sheets of aluminum foil

49
Q

what is a positron stopped by?

A

few sheet of aluminum foil

50
Q

what is alpha stopped by?

A

skin or one sheet of paper

51
Q

what is gamma stopped by?

A

several centimeters of lead

52
Q

what is neutron stopped by?

A

few centimeter of lead

53
Q

what is proton stopped by?

A

few sheets of paper

54
Q

which has least, most or moderate penetration power?

A

least= alpha
most=gamma
moderate=beta

55
Q

what makes nuclei stable

A

nuclei are stable if its neutron to proton ratio is 1 n/z= 1

56
Q

what make a nuclei unstable?

A

when n/z is not 1 or 1.5

57
Q

why are some elements magic numbers?

A

because the tend to be more stable than others

58
Q

famous formula…

A

e=mc^2

59
Q

why are things radioactive?

A

because they want to become stable

60
Q

what force overcomes radiation?

A

strong force

61
Q

remeber decay or emission is blah blah —–> here

and bombarded or collide is here—–>blah blah

A

remeber that!!!!!!!
remeber decay or emission is blah blah —–> here
and bombarded or collide is here—–>blah blah

pre ap chemistry (3 decks)

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