CH 18: Evolution and the origin of species

Question 1

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 1

Speciation when one species radiates to form several other species

Question 2

Allopatric speciation

Answer 2

Speciation that occurs via geographic separation

Question 3

Allopolyploid

Answer 3

Polyploidy formed between two related, but separate species

Question 4

Aneuploidy

Answer 4

Condition of a cell having an extra chromosome or missing a chromosome for its species

Question 5

Autopolyploid

Answer 5

Polyploidy formed within a single species

Question 6

Behavioral Isolation

Answer 6

Pre-zygotic type of reproductive isolation that occurs when a specific behavior or lack of one prevents reproduction from taking place.

Question 7

Convergent evolution

Answer 7

Process by which groups of organisms independently evolve to similar forms (different ancestors, create analogous features)

Question 8

Divergent evolution

Answer 8

Process by which groups of organisms evolve in diverse directions from a common point (share a same ancestor)

Question 9

Gametic barrier

Answer 9

Pre-zygotic barrier occurring when closely related individuals of different species mate, but differences in their gamete cells prevent fertilization from taking place

Question 10

Habitat isolation

Answer 10

Pre-zygotes reproductive isolation resulting when species populations move or are moved to a new habitat, taking up residence in a place that no longer overlaps with the same species populations

Question 11

Homologous structures

Answer 11

Parallel structures in diverse organisms that have a common ancestor

Question 12

Hybrid

Answer 12

Offspring of two closely related individuals, not of the same species

Question 13

Hybrid zone

Answer 13

Area where two closely related species continue to interact anda reproduce, forming hybrids

Question 14

Natural selection

Answer 14

Reproduction of individuals with favorable genetic traits that survive environmental change because of those traits, leading to evolutionary change

Question 15

Speciation

Answer 15

Formation of new species

Question 16

Sympatric speciation

Answer 16

Speciation that occurs in the. Same geographic space

Question 17

Temporal isolation

Answer 17

Differences in breeding schedules that can act as a form of pre-zygotic barrier

Question 18

Mechanical isolation

Answer 18

Too different to mate

Question 19

Hybrid inviability (reduced hybrid viability)

Answer 19

An embryo is produced but can’t survive development (baby dies)

Question 20

Hybrid sterility (reduced hybrid fertility)

Answer 20

Different species can produce a viable offspring but it is sterile (baby can’t have babies)

Question 21

Hybrid breakdown

Answer 21

Some first generation hybrids are fertile but when they mate with each other or with either parent species offspring of the next generation are feeble or sterile (Babies are weak and sick)